Fiscal instruments are tools that governments use to manage revenue and expenditure and therefore influence the growth (or stability) of the various sectors of the economy. Government revenue is derived primarily through taxation. In Kenya, land taxation has contributed less than 1% of government revenue for the past three years. The Sessional Paper No.

Looking at several large-scale land deals in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia, this extraordinary documentary highlights the nuanced impacts of these investments. Small-scale farmers and producers, national government officials, and African policy-makers unpack the deals, showing that there are winners and losers when providing investors access to large tracts of land in Africa. For example, land deals impact differently on women and youth, and altering land regimes also impacts on access to other natural resources such as water, fish, and local indigenous vegetables.

The buying up of farmland by international investors is viewed highly critically. However, sweeping judgements could be inappropriate, as our author demonstrates with survey results from Ethiopia and Uganda.

Sierra Leone is one of the least developed countries in the world and is still recovering from a civil war that ended in 2002. Increasingly, the Sierra Leonean government seeks to attract foreign investors through providing opportunities for large-scale land leases for the development of agribusiness. This has triggered a rapid transformation process that poses a considerable threat to food security and social stability. Despite being a pilot country for the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure, there is no real change on the ground as yet.

Caso de comunarios que a pesar del régimen de violencia material y simbólica que enfrentan, continúan la lucha por un pedazo de tierra para reproducir la vida. La Calera es el territorio donde durante 20 años de disputas entre 17 comuneros y comuneras indígenas y el poder financiero y los terratenientes de herencia colonial, se enfrentaron por la propiedad y el uso de nueve hectáreas.

The International Land Coalition (ILC) has commissioned this present report to analyse the illegal/irregular acquisition of land by Kenya’s elites to ascertain the types of land affected, the processes used to acquire land, and the profiles of the perpetrators, as well as to identify the victims and the impacts of land grabbing.

Green energy (and/or renewable energy) requires large areas of land to operate, often more so than energy generated from fossil fuels. The acquisition of land comes with accompanying corruption risks which can lead to challenges such as land grabbing and illegal displacement of communities. To help mitigate corruption risks and their consequences, strong regulatory oversight and rigorous licensing requirements are needed, as well as transparency and community-based approaches to ownership of green energy projects.

Currently there exists a disturbing urban problem exemplified by the excessive luxury apartments and glamorous office towers being built in cities around the world in the face of the increasing unaffordability of housing and lowcost work trade or craft space Seeking to address this complex problem this paper proposes a theoretical framework that uniquely addresses both the capitalist economic structure that drives the development process and the Marxistbased urban theory by which the socioeconomic outcomes are currently evaluated This framework takes as its metatheory the approach of Thomas

Transportation has always been the backbone of development Transitoriented development TOD has been theorized piloted and expanded increasingly in the past few decades In this regard this paper investigates the relationship between urban development the transportation process and the required implementation guidelines within fasturbanizing cities such as Cairo After reviewing different related sustainable development theories the study investigates pioneering case studies that have applied TOD and provided adequate implementation frameworks The authors then extract and compare a set of requ

The paper seeks to assess the impact of access to the land of Egypt on urban development in an attempt to identify policies and laws that can be categorized as a catalyst in urban conflict A systematicreview of Data on land tenure environment of Egypt land access land governance and tenure security the actors involved in these processes their roles the land tenure related challenges they face and measures that can be taken to address these challenges was collected at country level In the context of Egypt Access to land is deemed with obstacles confronting beneficiaries and legal procedures

The pervasiveness of territorial marks in postconflict neighbourhoods elicited this study Relying on residents perceptions the study explored the dynamics underpinning residents use of territorial marks Primary data was collected by administering questionnaires to residents of various neighbourhoods within the study area Physical observations were conducted to identify all residential neighbourhoods and categorised into three homogenous zones From each homogenous zone 30 neighbourhoods were purposively selected In total 2055 buildings were identified within these selected neighbourhoods The

North African cities have been undergoing major transformation over the past two decades following protracted instability civic uprising and conflicts changing their perception from havens to territories of displacements with social psychological and physical problems Historic public spaces in those cities in particular form a critical part of urban environments as they have the identity livelihoods and crosscommunity engagement in a healthy and fulfilling urban fabric and culture Whilst there have been several studies on the characteristics of open spaces in urban environments there is ver