This study reports on in-depth case
studies of dzud (extreme cold weather during winter,
subsequent to a very dry summer) impacts and responses.
Focus groups, key informant interviews, a household survey,
and photovoice, were used to document individual and
community experiences with dzud, and identify the factors
that make some households and communities more vulnerable,
and some less vulnerable, to the impacts of dzud, and the

The paper reports on improving feed and
fodder supply for the dzud management in Mongolia study, and
aims to identify policy options that could improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of dzud emergency management
and response. It includes an assessment of the appropriate
roles for the private and public sectors, identification of
issues, and capacity building requirements. The study will
support a policy dialogue and could provide the foundation

The Ministry of Environment and Natural
Resources of the Government of Sri Lanka is the apex body
under which all environmental issues and policy matters are
addressed. The Global Affairs Division of the Ministry of
Environment and Natural Resources is tasked with formulating
policy and strategic planning and liaise with the
international organizations dealing with global
environmental issues and is the Designated National

As donors pledge growing support for
protecting and managing forests to address climate change,
the question of how to pay tropical countries to reduce
their emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
assumes greater urgency. Depending on the detailed
implementation of REDD plus at a national and international
level, forest nations may be able to secure funding from a
range of sources, including donors and multilateral funds (a

This study was carried out in three
stages during 2009 through April 2011. The main objective
of the study is to determine, on the basis of usage of
qualitative data collection methods, impact of the economic
crisis on the most vulnerable population groups, as well as
to monitor dynamics of changes in the lives of the
respondents by consistently comparing the results of each of
the consecutive stages of the project study. The study

Ningbo serves as the Chinese pilot city
for the World Bank Climate Resilient Cities (CRC) Program.
The CRC program aims to, prepare local governments in the
East Asia region to better understand the concepts and
consequences of climate change; how climate change
consequences contribute to urban vulnerabilities; and what
is being done by city governments in East Asia and around
the world to actively engage in learning capacity building,

This study was undertaken to identify
and assess the technologies available worldwide for
treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), and
to make a general assessment of the applicability of these
technologies to various waste management
'settings' within the Latin American and Caribbean
(LAC) Region. Each technology was evaluated for a number of
key attributes, including demonstrated commercial viability,

This report summarizes the results for
the transportation sector from a larger study, the low
carbon study for Brazil, developed by the World Bank as part
of its initiative to support the integrated efforts of
Brazil to reduce global and national greenhouse gases
emissions, while promoting long-term development. The study
covers four key areas with potential low carbon options: 1)
Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), including

This report synthesis the findings for
the waste sector of a broader study, the Brazil low carbon
study, which was undertaken by the World Bank in its
initiative to support Brazil's integrated effort
towards reducing national and global emissions of Greenhouse
Gases (GHG) while promoting long term development. The
purpose of the present report is to assist in the
preparation of public policy proposals regarding GHG

Urban sources of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in Brazilian cities are growing. At the national
level, the dominance of greenhouse gas emissions from
deforestation in Brazil masks the fact that emissions from
other sectors, like Energy, Transport and Waste, are growing
quite rapidly in cities. Compared to other cities around the
world, Brazilian cities have low per capita GHG emissions
because of the high level of renewable energy production;

There have been important changes in the
budgeting process in Vietnam since 2006 when the government
of Vietnam instituted a revolutionary reform in the
management and allocation of the state budget. For the
period of 2007-2010, the norms include ethnic minority
population data, and poverty rates. The purpose of this
research assignment is to describe the evolution of
budgeting mechanisms in recent years, in association with

In order to inform the 2010 Strategy,
and suggest what role the World Bank Group (WBG) can
realistically play in strengthening environmental
institutions and governance, this paper takes stock of WBG
operations in this area since the 2001 Strategy. Looking
across the spectrum of lending and nonlending operations,
the first task is to identify the approaches which have been
used to engage with clients. The analysis then evaluates