This report presents a brief discussion
of indigenous peoples’ development as evidenced in a select
number of case studies about World Bank financed projects
that had a positive impact on indigenous peoples’
communities. The main objective of this study is to identify
and document good practices and lessons learned that can be
shared with World Bank staff, borrower governments, and
Indigenous Peoples’ organizations to help improve the design

Fast growth in Rwanda since the turn of
the century has been accompanied by solid poverty reduction.
Between 2000 and 2013, gross domestic product (GDP) grew at
eight percent per year, resulting in a 170 percent increase
in real GDP. As the poor almost uniquely depend on labor to
generate income, the strong reduction in poverty suggests
tangible improvements in employment outcomes over this
period. This jobs and employment study focuses on the recent

The Committee considered the official list of proposed amendments to the Bill (the A-list) accompanied by the B version of the Bill incorporating all the proposed amendments into the Bill.

According to the latest census of 2011,
the urbanization level in India has increased from 27.8
percent in 2001 to 31.2 percent in 2011, and for the first
time, the absolute increase in urban population exceeded the
increase in rural population. India has different
administrative arrangements for rural and urban areas, which
are based on the 73rd and 74th amendments to the
Constitution of India respectively. Since the census towns

This report is based on a field study of
two large settlements, Satghara (a census town) and
Bhagwatipur (a rural cluster with 10,000 plus population) in
the Madhubani district of Bihar. The study explores the
social dynamics of the rural non-farm economy by empirically
mapping non-farm occupations in both the settlements. It
examines the dynamics of caste, community, and gender within
the social organization of the non-farm economy in terms of

This paper decomposes the gender gap in
pay in the Russian Federation along the earnings
distribution for the period 1996–2011. The analysis uses a
reweighted, recentered influence function decomposition that
allows estimating the contribution of each covariate on the
wage structure and composition effects along the earnings
distribution. The paper finds that women are in flat career
paths compared with men; the importance of observable

This joint study, by the World Bank and
the Turkish Ministry of Development, explores the status and
effects of good jobs in Turkey s current economy. After a
brief account of economic events, it examines the
relationship between growth and employment in Turkey, with a
particular regard to the participation of different social
groups in the labor market, such as women and youth. It then
analyzes where jobs are being created and which activities

Un caso de ocupación de tierras y legalización, apelando a la soberanía nacional en frontera. Se encuentra en un contexto dicotómico, el poder central en una zona fronteriza lejana y la necesaria integración en dos economías, dos culturas, dos grupos de un territorio descuidado y olvidado por sus respectivos Estados. Por eso, se trata de un tema interesante de acceso a la tierra.

This report aims to extract lessons on slum upgrading and involuntary resettlement policies and practices learned from the process of addressing the Badia East case, which involved complex interactions between affected people, NGOs, the Bank and Lagos State Government.

El Asentamiento Mariano Díaz es el resultado de una lucha por acceso a la tierra iniciada en 2004 por 630 personas provenientes de diversos distritos del departamento de Caaguazú. Ocuparon la estancia Carla María, de 13.000 hectáreas, pero los campesinos fueron desalojados violentamente. El Estado les ofreció dos predios, uno de ellos de 650 hectáreas donde se fundó el Asentamiento Mariano Díaz.

Drawing on a new set of nationally
representative, internationally comparable household
surveys, this paper provides an overview of key features of
structural transformation—labor allocation and labor
productivity—in four African economies. New, micro-based
measures of sector labor allocation and cross-sector
productivity differentials describe the incentives
households face when allocating their labor. These measures

The first paper of this section
(Durand-Laserve) documents how increasing pressures on urban
land and the 'commodification' of shelter and
settlement has increased 'market evictions' of
families holding intermediate tide to property, although
international declarations and pressures have contributed to
reducing 'forced evictions.' The second paper
(Mooya and Cloete) uses the tools of the New Institutional