This research report examines three questions that are central to IFPRI research: How do property-rights institutions affect efficiency and equity? How are resources allocated within households? Why does this matter from a policy perspective? As part of a larger multicountry study on property rights to land and trees, this study focuses on the evolution from customary land tenure with communal ownership toward individualized rights, and how this shift affects women and men differently.This study’s key contribution is its multilevel econometric analysis of efficiency and equity issues.

Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2001

This paper discusses regulation of rural land-use and compensation, both of which appear to have become more common but also more disputed. The implications of contemporary theories in relation to this matter are examined. Coverage includes the applicability of new welfare economics, the relevance of the neoclassical theory of politics, and the implications of contemporary theories of social conflict resolution and communication.

O estudo sobre o funcionamento do mercado de terras no estado do Rio Grande do Norte pesquisou duas regiões distintas: uma de agricultura tradicional e outra de áreas de fruticultura irrigada.
As falhas de definição no direito de propriedade ou a prática de custo de transações elevadas não induzem a fortes distorções no mercado de terras. O alto grau de concentração de terras ociosas em mãos de grandes proprietários não permite concluir que existe uma alocação adequada desse recurso desde um ponto de vista social.

Policies to devolve responsibility for natural resource management to local bodies have become widespread in the past 20 years. Although the theoretical advantages of user management have been convincing and the impetus for devolution policies strong, the actual outcomes of devolution programs in various sectors and countries have been mixed.

En América Latina durante el curso del siglo XX se lograron considerables avances para fortalecer los derechos de propiedad de la mujer casada. Sin embargo, se ha prestado atención limitada a los derechos de herencia de las esposas. La revisión de las normas legales en doce países permite argumentar que las viudas están a menudo en una posición de desventaja en comparación con las hijas/os de la pareja. Las normas sobre herencia no fueron diseñadas para dar a las viudas la posibilidad de autonomía económica, por medio del control de la finca familiar o los negocios.

This article discusses the World Bank's efforts to reform land and real estate markets. It argues that World Bank supported efforts at land and real estate reform have had too narrow a technical focus, at the expense of institutional reform.

Despite advances in the international rights regime, persistent discrimination evident in the customary laws which regulate women's status in most traditional societies was a constant factor across cultural, social and political divides. The case-histories and testimonies recorded by the Kigali Consultation provide an insight into changes in land and inheritance rights brought about by conflict and its attendant social disruptions.

Stresses views of conference participants that agrarian reform is an alive issue on the political agenda of many countries. A wide consensus on the positive contribution that more equal access to land and other assets makes to the fight against poverty. Meaningful reform must involve the transformation of property rights. Agrarian reform must involve state regulation to overcome the failure of markets to deliver equitable outcomes. Also a wide consensus on the need for strong and effective state action.

Resumen
En Paraguay existe una clara relación inversa entre la productividad de la tierra y el tamaño de la finca. La implicancia de esta relación es la posibilidad de realizar redistribuciones eficientes, que aumenten el bienestar de la población en general, disminuya los niveles de pobreza y permita compensar adecuadamente a los dueños de las tierras a ser reasignadas.