The Myanmar government introduced two new land laws in 2012 as part of an effort to liberalize land markets. This report analyzes the implementation of these laws using theory, field research, and a comparative regional analysis. It also offers recommended interventions.
The Resolution regulates fertility and conservation of soil. It consists of two charters: Charter for Determining Level of Fertility of Soil (Annex 1) and Charter for Soil Conservation and Fertility Monitoring (Annex 2).
The countries in Central and Eastern Europe began a remarkable transition from a centrally-planned economy towards a market economy in 1989 when the Berlin Wall fell and the Iron Curtain lifted. Land reforms with the objective to privatize state-owned agricultural land, managed by large-scale collective and state farms, were high on the political agenda in most countries of the region at the beginning of the transition. More than 20 years later the stage of implementation of land reform varies.
The land privatization process in Mongolia mainly concerns residential land. The process is considered to perform slowly. The deadline for free allocation of residential land was extended from 2005 to 2013. Still, the number of families that have acquired private landownership during that period is low. This paper aims to take a closer look at the operational process in Ulaanbaatar. The paper finds that, when citizens apply, in a majority of cases the legal deadline to be granted a land-ownership right is actually met.
This report was produced by a private consultant Alexander Gvaramia a legal expert on land laws and issues and a member of the Swiss Development Cooperation funded Mercy Corps Georgia implemented Alliances Kvemo Kartli Programme, Helen Bradbury, a market development programme working in the dairy, beef and sheep value chains in Dmanisi, Tetritskaro and Tsalka municipalities of Kevmo Kartli. The International Centre for Conflict Negotiation (ICCN) a partner of Alliances KK was responsible for facilitating the concept and production of the report.
Cutting a total land of 678.26 ha in Dokpor village of Trangdeuwy commune in Phnom Srouch district of Kampong Speu province: 544.71 ha from 2002 Forest Cover, 133.55 ha from ELC of Sovann Vivath, and 7.14 ha from Fortuna Plantation Cambodia Limited; Reclassifying 664.99 ha as state private land for granting donation of ownership to 276 families; and Reserving 13.27 ha as state public land.
Cutting 621.46 ha of land in Deichhnang village of Hungsonom commune in Aoral district of Kampong Speu province from ELC of Fortuna Plantation Cambodia Limited; Reclassifying 593.62 ha as state private land for granting donation of ownership to 280 families; and Reserving 27.84 ha as state public land.
Cutting a total land of 1,053.59 ha in Monorom village of Hungsomnom commune in Aoral district of Kampong Speu province: 31.17 ha from 2002 Forest Cover, and 1,022.41 ha from Fortuna Plantation Cambodia Limited; Reclassifying 1,001.11 ha as state private land for granting donation of ownership to 330 families; and Reserving 52.48 ha as state public land.
Cutting a total land of 1,794.38 ha in Thmey village of Tangsamrong commune in Phnom Srouch district of Kampong Speu province: 686.06 ha from 2002 Forest Cover, 70.25 ha from ELC of Master Co., Ltd, and 1,038.07 ha from ELC of Fortuna Plantation Cambodia Limited; Reclassifying 1,733.40 ha as state private land for granting donation of ownership to 530 families; and Reserving 60.98 ha as state public land.
Cutting 1,124.65 ha in O village of Robeap commune in Roveang district of Preah Vihear province: 1,041.75 ha from 2002 Forest Cover, and 82.90 ha from ELC of Kim Chea Toun Group Co., Ltd; Reclassifying 1,086.07 ha as state private land for donating to 331 families; and Reserving 38.58 ha for population growth and physical infrastructure development.
Cutting 93.78 ha in Tros village of Tros communes in Romeas Hek district of Svay Reang province from ELC of An Mady; Reclassifying 80 ha as state private land for donating to 76 families; Reserving 13.78 ha as state public land; and Granting ownership to 76 private land parcels.
Cutting 5,692 ha of land in Sroyang Chheung village of Sroyang commune in Kulen district of Preah Vihear province: 2,117.50 ha from Forest Concession of TPP, 1,400 ha from ELC of Emminent Elite (Cambodia), 342 ha from ELC of FP Malaysia (Cambodia) Plantation Co., Ltd, and 1,832.50 ha from SLC program; Reclassifying unspecified size of land as state private land for donating to 1,551 families; Reserving unspecified size of land for public interest use.