At the outset of China's reform
period, the country had a far higher poverty rate than for
Africa as a whole. Within five years that was no longer
true. This paper tries to explain how China escaped from a
situation in which extreme poverty persisted due to failed
and unpopular policies. While acknowledging that Africa
faces constraints that China did not, and that context
matters, two lessons stand out. The first is the importance

This Decree provides for the management and use of rice-farming land in rice-growing areas.The Decree provides for: the formulation and management of master plans and plans on rice-farming land; conditions for the change of the use purpose of wet-rice farming land and of other rice-farming land; responsibilities of users of rice-farming land and of land users that change the purpose of rice-farming land; protection and improvement of the quality of rice-farming land; support policies for the protection and improvement of rice-farming land; etc. Repealed by: Decree No.

Analysis of the social costs of large-scale Chinese-supported rubber farms in northern Burma suggests that the future for ordinary citizens will be affected as much by the country's chosen economic path as the political reforms underway.

This literature review was commissioned by Project “G3 - Water Governance and Community-based Management”, one of several projects funded by the Challenge Programme on Water and Food (CPWF) in the Ganges Basin. The project seeks to understand the different modes and outcomes of water governance in selected polders and the role that communities play in such governance.

Property rights to land represent the key institutional asset on which rural people build their livelihoods. In fact, in many countries, landlessness is the best predictor of poverty. The nature of farmers’ property rights to land substantially impacts their willingness and ability to adopt productivity-enhancing inputs and investments.

Phase II of the CGIAR Challenge Program for Water and Food (CPWF) is a multi-institutional and inter-disciplinary research for development initiative focused on increasing the resilience of social and ecological systems through better water management for food production.Phase II in the Ganges Basin began in 2011 and is scheduled to end in 2014.

The objectives are this vision document are to: 1) suggest guidelines and steps towards deiserble policy shifts; 2) compile an understanding of the issues and probable technical solutions that require appropriate policy shifts, based on the experiences of different development partners working in these areas; and 3) envision outcomes for the four components of the GBDC.

Since the early 1980s, the Government of
Niger and its development partners have invested more than
200 billion West African Francs (FCFA) in programs will
promote sustainable land management (SLM) and other
activities to reduce poverty and vulnerability. Overall,
more than 50 programs have promoted SLM in Niger. Despite
large investments in SLM programs, their impacts on land
management, agricultural production, poverty, and other

This review of the on-budget expenditure
of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR)
in Egypt describes the broad outline of the MARL's
expenditures and identifies key themes and issues. The
report examines how the context of the agricultural sector
has changed, and the adjustment challenge that such change
poses for the MALR. It explains how the MALR is thinking
about the future, describes the structures of the MALR, and

This report includes a situation update submitted to KHRG in January 2011 by a villager describing events occurring in Dooplaya District, during the period between August and October, 2011. The villager who wrote this report provides information concerning increasing military activity in Kyone Doh Township, including the confiscation of 600 acres of farmland for building a camp in Da Lee Kyo Waing town by Border Guard Battalion #1021, and the construction of new military camps, one by LIB #208 in Htee Poo Than village and another by the KPF near to Htee Poo Than village.