Central Asia is highly vulnerable to climate change threats, which have negatively impacted both humans and wildlife. Tajikistan, one of the least urbanized countries in the region, is prone to natural disasters, disruptions in rainfall, growing temperatures, reductions in glacial cover, and extreme weather events (Zoï Environment Network 2020; Green Climate Fund [GCF] 2020).
At COP28 countries recognized that unprecedented adverse climate impacts are increasingly threatening the resilience of agriculture and food systems and ability to produce and access food in the prevailing scenario of mounting hunger, malnutrition, and economic stresses.
Pakistan is highly dependent on irrigated agriculture for employment, income generation and food security—around 90 percent of all food production relies on either surface or groundwater irrigation. The growing dependence of agriculture but also industries and the drinking water sector on groundwater has led to the overexploitation of groundwater resources and, in some areas, to the deterioration of groundwater quality. Fiscal incentives for solarization of irrigation/drinking water pumps are likely to further increase water withdrawals and make water governance more complex.
Southern Malawi has historically been less food secure than the rest of the country, and the current lean season will be no different. The Malawi Vulnerability Assessment Committee expects 2,460,000 people in the Southern Region (29% of its population) to require humanitarian assistance at the peak of the lean season in February and March 2024, compared to 1,560,000 people in the Central Region (18% of its population) and 388,000 people in the Northern Region (15% of its population) (MVAC 2023).
Since independence, the Government of Sri Lanka has implemented various policies and initiatives to boost agricultural production. One of the enduring, costly, and politically sensitive measures aimed at promoting paddy farming has been the fertilizer subsidy program which was initiated in 1962 and continued for over six decades. Since then, the subsidy policy has undergone many changes, including the introduction of the Fertilizer Cash Grant (FCG) Program in 2016.
Can the establishment of private property rights to land improve child health and nutrition outcomes? We exploit a natural experiment in the Kyrgyz Republic following the collapse of socialism, whereby the government rapidly liquidated state and collective farms containing 75 percent of agricultural land and distributed it to individuals, providing 99-year transferable use rights. We use household surveys collected before, during, and after the privatization reform and spatial variation in its timing to identify its health and nutrition impacts.
We assessed how people adapt to climate change in the context of forests through a systematic review of the international empirical research literature. We found that drought, precipitation variability, extreme precipitation and flooding, and extreme heat were the climatic stressors to which responses were most frequently documented. Individuals and households received the most research attention, followed by national government, civil society, and local government. Europe and North America were the geographic foci of more research than other regions.
L'Afrique est confrontée à une crise alimentaire d'une ampleur sans précédent. On s'attend à ce que des millions de personnes soient touchées par une aggravation de la faim dans un avenir proche en raison des conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine, qui s'ajoutent aux effets dévastateurs des conflits, de la variabilité du climat et des extrêmes climatiques, des ralentissements et des fléchissements économiques, et des répercussions de la pandémie de covid-19 sur les personnes les plus vulnérables.
Ce papier constitue une synthèse des acquis et des handicaps de la restauration des paysages forestiers et régimes fonciers au Cameroun. Il présente par ailleurs les engagements du Cameroun pour ralentir la déforestation et la dégradation de ses écosystèmes forestiers à travers la stratégie nationale de restauration des paysages forestiers, en lien avec les initiatives du Défi de Bonn, de l’AFR100 et de la Grande Muraille Verte.
A diversidade tem sido tratada por várias áreas do conhecimento. Cabe à antropologia oferecer perspetivas descentradas sobre a sua existência histórica. Neste artigo mobilizo conhecimento etnográfico de contextos que conheço por experiência de trabalho de campo – indígenas na mata atlântica do sul da Bahia e os fataluku da região sociocultural do sudeste asiático (Timor-Leste) – para reforçar historicidades de vivência da paisagem que resultam em biodiversidade.
Les décideurs ont accès à une panoplie, vaste et de plus en plus fournie, de politiques et de mesures qui peuvent, en théorie, contribuer à réduire la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts. Des théories intermédiaires peuvent être formulées pour résumer les conditions dans lesquelles ces politiques et mesures forestières sont efficaces pour mettre fin à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts.
