Declining soil fertility is one of the major problems facing producers of field crops in most dryland areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the declining soil fertility, extensive participatory research has been undertaken by the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and smallholder farmers in Dodoma region, Tanzania. The research has, amongst others, led to the development of Gliricidia agroforestry technology. The positive impact of Gliricidia intercropping on crop yields has been established.

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) aims to increase sustainable agricultural production by adapting and building resilience to climate change. It focuses on food security and national development goals and, where possible, it also aims to reduce or remove GHG emissions. The Climate-Smart Villages employ participatory methods, technological and institutional options for dealing with climate change in agriculture.

Management practices to improve soil health influence several ecosystem services including regulation of water
flows, changes in soil biodiversity and greenhouse gases that are important at local, regional and global levels.
Unfortunately, the primary focus in soil health management over the years has been increasing crop productivity
and to some extent the associated economics and use efficiencies of inputs. There are now efforts to study the

The present report aims to provide a climate and vulnerability analysis of the Green Innovation Centres (GIC) target commodity value chains. Herein we identify climate change- related vulnerabilities, hazards, and opportunities for adaptation to the same. Ultimately, our goal is to foster awareness of risks and adaptation priorities in the selected value chains and inform climate investments and planning through the recommendations on priority innovations to manage climate risks.

Food insecurity and malnutrition are challenges in rural Rwanda that are presumed to be affected by differential household socioeconomic status, but the relationship between food and nutrition security and socioeconomic status is not well-understood.

Wild food plants (WFPs) are often highly nutritious but under-consumed at the same time. This study aimed to document the diversity of WFPs, and assess perceptions, attitudes, and drivers of change in their consumption among Minangkabau and Mandailing women farmers in West Sumatra. We applied a mixed-method approach consisting of interviews with 200 women and focus group discussions with 68 participants. The study documented 106 WFPs (85 species), and Minangkabau were found to steward richer traditional knowledge than Mandailing.

This book chapter was to tackle the mission of International Laboratory for Research on Animal Disease (ILRAD): discuss AAT and East Coast fever. As a result, a large body of research on AAT was conducted over 30 years: genetics, breeding and immunology research. This chapter reviews the earlier field work of ILRAD followed by that of International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) after 1994 in East and West Africa, including the engagement of those institutions with regional and global initiatives.

The Gender and Social Inclusion (GSI) unit of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) is dedicated to the advancement of gender-responsive climate policies. This document is a guide to best practices for developing indicators to track progress toward CCAFS gender-related policy sub-intermediate development outcomes (sub-IDOs) and gender activities at project and national levels.

The primary purpose of the review is to assess the extent to which the GLDC is delivering quality of science and demonstrating effectiveness in relation to its theories of change (ToCs) in the approved proposal. Its objectives are to fulfill CGIAR’s obligations for accountability and donor support for international agricultural research; assess the effectiveness and evolution of research program’s work; and provide an opportunity for GLDC to generate insights, including lessons for future CGIAR research modalities.