This paper examines factors related to the existence of a livestock rental market in western Nepal and assesses whether this is associated with caste differentiation and land rental market participation. This study brings new empirical evidence of livestock rental market against the established view that such market does not exist due to moral hazard.

Asia and the Pacific, for the purposes of this book, encompasses a vast territory extending from Mongolia in the north to New Zealand in the south; from the Cook Islands in the east to Kuwait in the west (Map 1). The environmental diversity of Asia and the Pacific is therefore vast, and is contrasted by the region’s coldest and hottest deserts, verdant tropical rainforests, extensive steppe, desert steppe, grassland and rangelands, mountains and plains.

This report is a compilation of primary and secondary sources of information, evidences and facts collected through consultative meetings and interviews with CSOs and Community members. More information was obtained from different credible sources including the UN treaty bodies, UN special procedures, ACHPR, government reports, media as well as reports of fact finding missions of pastoralists’ CSOs members. Validation was done by pastoralist CSOs and National CSOs in two different meetings

LADA (Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands project) is a scientifically-based approach to assessing and mapping land degradation at different spatial scales ? small to large ? and at various levels ? local to global. It was initiated in drylands, but the methods and tools have been developed so as to be widely applicable in other ecosystems and diverse contexts with minimal required adaptation.

The WOCAT-LADA-DESIRE mapping tool is based on the original WOCAT mapping questionnaire (WOCAT, 2007). It has been expanded to pay more attention to issues such as biological and water degradation, it also places more emphasis on direct and socio-economic causes of these phenomena, including their impacts on ecosystem services. It evaluates what type of land degradation is actually happening where and why and what is being done about it in terms of sustainable land management (SLM) in the form of a questionnaire.

This document is the second part of a two part manual on local level assessment of land degradation and sustainable land management: ? Part 1 ? Planning and Methodological Approach, Analysis and Reporting ? Part 2 ? Field Methodology and Tools The two parts should be used together as Part 1 provides the background information for the conduct of the methods and tools that are provided in Part 2.

Настоящая серия отчетов «Основные аспекты исследования четырех секторов отрасли жи- вотноводства в Казахстане» подготовлена Инвестиционным центром ФАО в сотрудничест- ве с Аналитическим центром экономической политики в агропромышленном комплексе (АЦЭП АПК) при АО «КазАгроИнновация» Министерства сельского хозяйства Республи- ки Казахстан. Финансирование исследования осуществлялось полностью за счет ФАО.