This article evaluates the recent evolution of farm structure in Kazakhstan's grain region against the reform objectives of the 1990s and the family farm theory that underpinned the latter. In the study region, super-large agroholdings, large-scale enterprises and smaller individual farms emerged side-by-side and now compete for resources in a homogenous production environment. Drawing on two survey rounds of farm-level data, we find that the agroholdings display the highest factor productivity and are the most competitive on land and labour markets among all farms.

Land fragmentation is considered a major obstacle to the efficient use of land and other agricultural resources in Bulgaria. This study is concerned with formally testing the relationship between fragmentation of land plots and land productivity in the country. Multiple regression analysis and agricultural data obtained from the 2003 Bulgaria Multi-topic Household Survey is employed for the purpose. Results of the study suggest that the level of current fragmentation is relatively low and not likely to adversely affect land productivity.