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The problem of complex system development for soil fertility management is analyzed. The necessity of crop yields increment, soil productivity promotion is evaluated. The main goals of the soil fertility increase are displayed. The potential directions of the perspective research in agricultural soil science which can reform significantly and prioritize this branch of science are described. They are: soil analysis theory and strategy development; scientific evaluation of historical and long-term processes, occurring the soil; current and strategic soil fertility account complex system creation; soil biological activity mechanisms formation; soil fertility evaluation and future crop yield planning; soils fertility adequation according to their different fertility level; macro biology, agrophysics, immunology development; agricultural engineering and chemistry coordination with environment situation; transformation of the soil economic fertility to natural; anthropogenic influence minimization.