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This research uses an econometric model to analyze the factors affecting non-industrial private forest landowners’ choice of intermediate forest management practices, and to examine how these choices might change in response to incentives for carbon sequestration. We also use parameter estimates to simulate the carbon sequestration potential for different combinations of management practices, and compare the effectiveness and costs of carbon sequestration-based and practice-based incentive payment schemes. Our results suggest that incentive payments increase the probability that desirable combinations of management practices are adopted. Simulation results indicate that incentives targeting fertilization yield the highest carbon sequestration potential, and that a carbon-based payment scheme produces higher carbon sequestration than a practice-based payments scheme.