Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 941 - 945 of 1046Order No. 310 of the Ministry of Natural Resources validating the Regulation on state registration of the plots of forest land within state forest fund.
This Order establishes that state registration of the plots of forest land within state forest fund shall be carried out by state executive bodies responsible for keeping state forest register. State registration shall be carried out in the following cases: (a) allotment of the plots of forest land within state forest fund; and (b) renewal of lease contracts for the plots of forest land and renewal of free of charge forest management contracts in case of conformation thereof to the Forest Code.
Ministerial Decree No. 2 validating the Regulation on tenders for sale of the plots of urban land or lease thereof to natural and legal persons.
This Ministerial Decree establishes the modalities of the organization and carrying out tenders (auction sale) of the plots of urban land and lease thereof for the purpose of housing construction. Seller of the aforesaid plots of urban land or of the right of purchase thereof shall be a state body of local self-government. Trade of the plots of land pertaining to the federal property and the right of lease thereof shall be authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Order No. 59 of the Ministry on Land Policy, Construction, Housing and Communal Services validating the Regulation on calculation of land area in condominiums.
This Order establishes that calculation of land area in condominiums and the establishment of boundaries thereof shall be carried out for the purpose of land use planning, establishment of land shares in common property, efficient use of urban land , taxation and state registration of immovable property. Land area in condominiums shall be ascertained in the process of elaboration and mapping of the boundaries of condominium in accordance with land use planning documentation. The Order contains calculation formula.
Regulation of the Federal Forest Service on transfer of forest land to the category of unforested land for the purposes related to forest management.
This Order establishes the list of requested technical documentation and the modalities of transfer of forest land to the category of unforested land for the purposes related to forest management. The aforesaid transfer can be carried out by initiative of the owners of forests and forest managers. The scope of forest land shall be construction of cone-drier, seed storage facilities of forest species, and planting of forest nurseries. District forestry administration shall submit application, containing technical survey and map of the forest land plot, to the local executive body.
Order No. 69 of the Federal Forest Service validating the Regulation on examination of applications for transfer of forest land to the category of unforested land for the purposes not related to forest and forest fund management.
This Order establishes the list of requested technical documentation and the modalities of transfer of forest land to the category of unforested land for the purposes not related to forest and forest fund management. The aforesaid transfer can be carried out by initiative of legal and natural persons and requires authorization of the competent state forest institution by agreement with the organizations concerned. In the process of transfer shall be decided also allotment of the plots of land, conditions of expropriation thereof and payment therefore.