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Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.

Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.

Russia is a semi-presidential federation.

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Displaying 976 - 980 of 1046

Ministerial Decree No. 48 validating the Regulation on the re-categorization of public forested areas.

Regulations
Russia
Eastern Europe
Europe

This Ministerial Decree establishes the list of This Ministerial Decree stipulates that the Ministry of Natural Resources shall submit to the Government the following documents to re-categorize forested areas: (a) application by any natural person, individual entrepreneur, legal person, or state or local self-government body; (b) documents identifying the applicant as either a physical or legal person; (c) report on the selected plot of forest, containing a map and description thereof and specifying the category of the adjoining land; (d) validation of the report on the selection of the for

Federal Law No. 268-FZ amending some legislative acts regarding ownership of the plots of land.

Legislation
Russia
Eastern Europe
Europe

Federal Law No. 122-FZ on state registration of immovable property and its transactions shall be supplemented with item 7 granting the right to the beneficiary under will to register ownership right to a plot of land upon presentation of land ownership certificate to the aforesaid plot of land of the previous owner. In the Federal Law No. 66-FZ on farming, gardening, housing non-profit-making associations the wording “allotted plots of land for farming and gardening” shall be substituted with the wording “plots of land for farming and gardening granted in ownership.”

Federal Law No. 118-FZ amending some legislative acts and conforming them to Land Code.

Legislation
Russia
Eastern Europe
Europe

Article 25. 1 of the Law No. 2395-I on subsoil shall acquire a new wording: “Article 25.1. Allotment and expropriation of the plots of land in relation to exploration and other uses of subsoil. Plots of land required for exploration and other uses of subsoil shall be allotted in accordance with land legislation. The aforesaid plots of land can be expropriated for state or municipal needs in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.” Item 4 of the Decree No.

Order No. 47n of the Ministry of Finance validating of the form of land registration.

Regulations
Russia
Eastern Europe
Europe

This Order validates the form of land registration that shall be applicable to the plots of land local municipalities. The registration form specifies the type of the plot of land, its classification in accordance with the established modalities and purposeful use thereof, location of the plot of land, regional code, number of cadastre registration and type of ownership.