Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) have
been introduced in Romania as a prerequisite for accessing
EU funds under the Regional Operational Program (ROP). The
IDPs designed for growth poles represent a specific category
of strategic planning documents as: 1) they need to be
considered within the frame of the national policy to whose
implementation they contribute; and 2) they represent a
first endeavor to think of development across functional

The main objective of the report is to
analyze the current greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory
process in Romania, and provide recommendations for
improving the system in order to increase the effectiveness
and efficiency of inventory development in compliance with
United Nations framework convention on climate change
(UNFCCC) and European Union (EU) requirements, including
emissions forecasting provisions. This report describes the

Urban areas tend to have much more
productive labor and higher salaries than rural areas, and
there are vast differences across urban areas. Areas with
high salaries and high productivity tend to have employers
that invest in much more research and development than areas
with low salaries and low productivity. This paper addresses
two questions. First, it discusses the causes of these vast
geographical differences in wages, human capital, and

Urbanization is undoubtedly a key driver
of development - cities provide the national platform for
prosperity, job creation, and poverty reduction. But
urbanization also poses enormous challenges that one is
familiar with: congestion, air pollution, social divisions,
crime, the breakdown of public services and infrastructure,
and the slums that one billion urban resident's call
home. Urbanization is perhaps the single most important

Logistics is the backbone of industry
and commerce. As a discipline, it describes the management
and coordination of activities along supply chains. These
activities include freight transport, storage, inventory
management, materials handling and related information
processing. A large part of logistics activities are often
outsourced to specialized providers that provide
cost-effective services. Research has shown that, at least

Contaminated sites associated with
economic growth and development and increased urbanization
pose a growing public health and environmental problem.
Emissions and discharges, particularly uncontrolled ones,
onto land can pollute the soil and the groundwater beneath,
and can also affect surface water quality and sediments in
nearby rivers and streams. This document is intended to
summarize the rationale and the major policy, regulatory,

This paper aims to inform Armenia's
policy dialogue on environmental and social issues in the
mining sector. The paper is based on the premise that for
the mining sector to have positive, long-term impacts in
Armenia, it is necessary to take into consideration the
short- and long-term environmental and social impacts of the
sector and to promote strategic planning and efficient
management of natural resources. The mining sector in

This paper aims to inform Armenia's
policy dialogue on environmental and social issues in the
mining sector. The paper is based on the premise that for
the mining sector to have positive, long-term impacts in
Armenia, it is necessary to take into consideration the
short- and long-term environmental and social impacts of the
sector and to promote strategic planning and efficient
management of natural resources. The mining sector in

This paper aims to inform
Armenia's policy dialogue on environmental and social
issues in the mining sector. The paper is based on the
premise that for the mining sector to have positive,
long-term impacts in Armenia, it is necessary to take into
consideration the short- and long-term environmental and
social impacts of the sector and to promote strategic
planning and efficient management of natural resources. The

A disproportionately large number of
Roma in Europe today face deep poverty, social exclusion,
and poor living conditions. Improving these is critical to
achieving the targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy, the
European Union s 10-year growth strategy, which aims to
reduce poverty, social exclusion, early school leaving, and
increase school attainment and employment by 2020. The EU
Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) up

This Handbook is intended to be a
practical guide to help companies in the crop production
industry develop and implement an environmental and social
management system, which should help to improve overall
operations. If a company has existing management systems
for quality or health and safety, this Handbook will help to
expand them to include environmental and social performance.
Sections I and II provide background on environmental and

The purpose of this report is to improve
the knowledge base for facilitating investments in land
management technologies that sequester soil organic carbon.
While there are many studies on soil carbon sequestration,
there is no single unifying volume that synthesizes
knowledge on the impact of different land management
practices on soil carbon sequestration rates across the
world. A meta-analysis was carried out to provide soil