The terms “landscape” and “landscape approach” have been increasingly applied within the international environmental realm, with many international organizations and nongovernmental organizations using landscapes as an area of focus for addressing multiple objectives, usually related to both environmental and social goals. However, despite a wealth of literature on landscapes and landscape approaches, ideas relating to landscape approaches are diverse and often vague, resulting in ambiguous use of the terms.

In Armenia, the forestry sector and forest restoration policy development and decision making in natural resources management processes have been shaped as a result of women’s historical every day practices—which are also often drivers of deforestation and degradation—and yet women’s direct participation in these matters is frequently neglected. Forests in Armenia are state property and the management system is top-down, meaning that decisions are made at the government level and passed down through a hierarchy of power.

In 2017, Cameroon committed to restore forests and degraded lands over more than 12 million hectares across all ecosystems by 2030 as part of the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR 100). The fact sheet elaborates on the status of the commitments made and highlights key restoration efforts and major constraints to FLR in practice.

Although Tanzania looks back onto a long history of land degradation, it has seen significant restoration efforts even before the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR 100) was launched. Building on this experience, the fact sheet highlights the main landscape restoration approaches employed in the country and elaborates on the major constraints as well as enabling conditions for FLR.

As one of the key partners of the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR 100), Ghana is committed to restore 2 million hectares of its land by 2030. In this factsheet, the major approaches to forest landscape restoration are outlined and enabling conditions as well as major constraints to forest landscape restoration elaborated.

With 22 million hectares, Ethiopia by far made the largest pledge to restore its degraded lands under the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR 100). In this fact sheet, restoration efforts are presented including major approaches, key constraints and enabling conditions and steps to achieve FLR in the country.