Since investment climate reforms in developing countries started gaining traction in the 1990s, most efforts have focused on issues at the national level, achieving varying degrees of success for reasons that are relatively well understood. This handbook provides an overview of efforts and achievements in subnational investment climate reforms. It is organized as follows. Chapter 2 reviews a number of countries experiences with subnational reforms, noting both success stories and disappointments and pointing toward lessons learned.

This series of briefs has focused on the importance of a legal framework
for land that fosters tenure security for rural citizens and provides a foundation forv equitable and vigorous rural development. However, good laws alone do not assure genuine reform. The effectiveness of a law depends on adequate capacity and the will to implement the law. In the case of land legislation, this applies to both those who claim rights— typically individuals, communities or firms—and those who administer land rights, namely the government and and legitimate non-state authorities (e.g.,

The Cadastral system in Kenya was established in 1903 to support land alienation for the white settlers who had come into the country in the early part of the 20th Century. In the last hundred years, the system has remained more or less the same, where land records are kept in paper format and majority of operations are carried out on a manual basis. The lack of a modern cadastral system has contributed to problems in land administration in the country.

The mandate of the Kenya Government in its objective to achieve sustainable development is to reduce poverty by half by 2015 and transform the country into a newly industrailized nation by the year 2020. This paper reviews the cadastral systems that have been formulated and implemented in Kenya ; the different concepts and techniques used in the preparation of cadastral survey plans and maps; and the impact of the cadastre as a source of spatial data in support of land administration processes.

The cadastral system in Kenya was established in 1903 to cater for land alienation for the white settlers. Since then, a hundred years later, the structure of the system has remained more or less the same despite major changes in surveying technology. The government of Kenya has realized that the current structure is not conducive to economic demands of the 21st century and is interested in re-organizing the structure in line with the current constitutional dispensation and new paradigms in land management.

The cadastral system2 in Kenya was established in 1903 to cater for land alienation for the white settlers. Since then, a hundred years later, the structure of the system has remained more or less the same despite major changes in surveying technology. The government of Kenya has realized that the current structure is not conducive to economic demands of the 21st century and is interested in re-organizing the structure in line with the current constitutional dispensation and new paradigms in land management.

According to 2001 statistics, 924 million people, almost one third of the world’s population lived in slums. A majority of these people are in the developing countries and they account for 43% of the urban population. Slums are characterized by a dense proliferation of small, makeshift shelters built from diverse materials, degradation of the local ecosystem and by severe social problems.

The Land Act, 2012

The Land Registration Act, 2012

The National Land Commission Act, 2012

The Environment & Land Court Act, 2011

The Urban Areas & Cities Act, 2011

Fiscal instruments are tools that governments use to manage revenue and expenditure and therefore influence the growth (or stability) of the various sectors of the economy. Government revenue is derived primarily through taxation. In Kenya, land taxation has contributed less than 1% of government revenue for the past three years. The Sessional Paper No.

La presente Resolución deroga la que aprueba la Norma para determinar los valores unitarios oficiales de terrenos urbanos a nivel nacional, que actualiza los criterios para determinar los referidos valores unitarios, y su modificación.

Revoca: Resolución Nº 056/10/VIVIENDA - Norma para determinar los valores unitarios oficiales de terrenos urbanos a nivel nacional. (2010-03-23)
Revoca: Resolución Nº 224/12/VIVIENDA - Modifica la Resolución Nº 056/10/VIVIENDA, Norma para determinar los valores unitarios oficiales de terrenos urbanos a nivel nacional. (2012-10-23)

Le Document Cameroun Vision 2035, élaboré en 2009, est composé de trois phases, notamment Phase I: 2010-2019, Phase II: 2010-2007, Phase III: 2028-2035, chaque phase ayant des objectifs spécifiques. Cameroun Vision 2035 a pour objectifs de: (i) réduire la pauvreté à un niveau socialement acceptable; (ii) atteindre le stade de pays à revenus intermédiaires, (iii) devenir un Nouveau Pays Industrialisé et (iv) consolider le processus démocratique et renforcer l’unité nationale.

Le présent code comprend 543 articles répartis en 10 titres, à savoir: Dispositions générales (Titre I); De la propriété (Titre II); De la protection et de la reconnaissance administrative du droit de propriété (Titre III); Des atteintes au droit de propriété (Titre IV); Du domaine immobilier de l’Etat et des collectivités territoriales (Titre V); Des dispositions relatives aux terres rurales et coutumières (Titre VI); De la preuve et du contentieux foncier (Titre VII); Du cadre institutionnel de gestion du domaine et du foncier (Titre VIII); Des infractions et des sanctions (Titre IX); Des