Report from the online discussion held on the Land Portal between 28 June and 9 July 2021.

The online discussion explored the different pespectives around customary law and institutions in Southern Africa and the roles they play in governing land.

En Côte d’Ivoire comme dans d’autres pays africain, le pluralisme juridique est l’origine d’une crise de la légalité et de crispations sociales. L’accès à la terre est emblématique des difficultés et des différends qui peuvent naître de la coexistence, issue de la colonisation, d’une pluralité de modes de normativité étatique et coutumier en jeu sur un même territoire.

This is the report of a webinar held by Land Portal on 24th March 2021.

In much of West Africa, women are considered breadwinners responsible to provide food for the family. However, women do not only own less land but also face manifold obstacles in accessing land through transfers, inheritance, or lease. The tenure security of this group has been threatened by large-scale land deals, state appropriation in the name of the public interest, and the often-discriminating practices of customary tenure systems.

Land in Ethiopia is held by the state, who acts as a custodian for the Ethiopian people. Even though it is the state which controls land ownership, farmers and pastoralists are guaranteed a lifetime ‘holding’ right that provides rights to use the land, rent it out, donate, inherit and sharecrop it. Everything except sell and mortgage it. On paper and under existing formal laws, women have equal rights to men as far as use and control of and access to land is concerned.

Based on a broad review of the existing documentation, the study describes the diversity of customary tenure systems in various regions of Myanmar; it looks at what they have in common and how they differ. It investigates the processes that affect or weaken the community jurisdiction over their lands and resources. It is intended as a resource for policymakers who are looking at recognizing and protecting the customary rights of rural communities.

This detailed timeline provides further background information on the history and land governance of Eswatini summarised in the Land Portal country profile.

A detailed chronology of historical and political developments and land related  issues in Lesotho. This detailed timeline accompanies the country profile of Lesotho, also published by Land Portal.

This detailed timeline provides further background information on the history and land governance of Zimbabwe summarised in the Land Portal country profile.

The case study explores the intersect between customary tenure systems and gender roles in two villages in Phongsali district in the north of Laos. The country has a diverse population of ethnic communities who depend on forests and other natural resources for their livelihoods. These communities play an important role for conserving complex landscapes. However, their traditional land tenure practices are insufficiently documented and therefore poorly understood, and even more so the gender relations in customary systems.

Le barrage de Souapiti, qui devrait à terme fournir 450 mégawatts après sa mise en service en septembre 2020, est le projet d’énergie hydraulique le plus avancé parmi plusieurs nouveaux projets planifiés par le gouvernement du président guinéen Alpha Condé. Le gouvernement guinéen estime que l’énergie hydraulique peut accroître considérablement l’accès à l’électricité, dans ce pays où seule une fraction de la population peut y accéder de façon fiable.

Land in Cameroon is under growing pressure – powerful commercial interests;changing climate conditions and shifting demographic flows including mass migration and increasing population density. The rights of rural communities and indigenous people to access and use land for farming and grazing have been eroded,  primarily due to failure to recognise customary land tenure rights;land use conflicts and lack of effective local governance. The country’s land legislation is outdated and not compatible with customary law and local realities.

The impending close to the war in Syria brings to the fore the prospect of approximately 13 million forcibly displaced people considering returns to places of origin in the country. However the reattachment of people to their housing, land and property (HLP) faces a daunting set of challenges—the prospect of demographic change, the application of expropriation laws, confiscations and political agendas.