This study examines the dynamics of fringe land invasion in Birbir Town southern Ethiopia by adopting a descriptive survey design with both qualitative and quantitative data analyses Primary data were acquired through a household survey key informant interviews focus group discussions and observations This study also benefited from relevant secondary sources Using a simple random sampling technique 156 household heads were selected from Birbir and two adjacent rural areas The study revealed that informal settlement expansion in the form of fringe land invasion occurs in Birbir Town predomin

The empirical investigation of which risk factorpolitical or financialis the optimal driver of country risk in emerging economies in the twentyfirst century has grown into a significant and volatile issue in recent decades This paper investigates the linkages between political risk and financial risk in four Balkan economies ie Greece Albania Bulgaria and Romania from 1984 Q3 to 2018 Q4 using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag cointegration NARDL and wavelet coherence approaches As a result findings from the links between political risk and financial risk are being used to provide sig

Participation in decisionmaking processes foreshadows enabling citizens communities nongovernmental organizations and other interested parties to influence the formulation of policies and laws affecting them The purpose of this study is not only to review Lithuanian legal documents but also to analyse recent processes in Kaunas city planning Kaunas city is undergoing various urban processes which do not always meet the needs of the community This study presents an analysis of the forms of community involvement in the urban planning processes and survey data on the effectiveness of community

Rapid urbanization has led to the influx of people into urban areas as people seek better life opportunities This migration has however largely not been planned resulting in population explosions in the cities Relying on existing research on the topic and government reports this study finds that many middle and lowincome families in Kenya have ended up living in informal settlements in urban areas due to housing unaffordability The study further determines that the problem of housing is more pronounced in developing countries Studies related to this issue establish that the housing crisis c

The Chinese have lived in singleextendedfamily courtyard houses in many parts of China for thousands of years The earliest courtyard house found in China was during the Middle Neolithic period 50003000 BCE The courtyard form signifies Chinese quest for harmony with nature and in social relationships However the 20th century was a significant turning point in the evolution of Chinese courtyard houses this paper provides an overview of this transition It starts by briefly introducing traditional Chinese courtyard houses and their decline since 1949 it then examines the emergence of new courty

Revitalization is an important process in action area planning especially in the heritage sites located within urban area contexts Varied techniques and tools of revitalization are applied at various spatial levels some are suitable for the urban scope and others suit the architectural building scope Urban DNA is a term used academically to reflect social economic and urban characteristics but has a different interpretation that depends on the spatial scale and context In action areas urban DNA refers to the essential visual social economic and physical characteristics that preserve the vit

Landsea interactions extending inland and towards the marine spaces are affected by major management and design transformations Globalization processes port expansion projects and extensive energy transition requests have recently led port institutions to demand more land engaging deeply with logistics platforms and radically restructuring forms of port governance In this competitive context the phenomenon of Port Clusterisation ie the administrative aggregation whereby two or more ports are merged to form port clusters is heavily impacting the institutional sphere However not only does thi

Housing is one of the fundamental needs for human to respond their primary needs such as food rest cleaning and having family in other words everything that related to the needs of body and soul of a human Nowadays by increasing the population in the world the suitable shelter becomes a real problem In the point of economic also the prices of the houses increase too much so it is not affordable for lowincome people to have shelter easily After the revolution in Iran country there is huge immigration from the rural part to metropolitan areas Most of these peoples belong to a lowincome family

This article aims at following the traces of the transformation of public sphere in Turkey through its manifestations on urban public spaces with the case study of Taksim Square In this attempt the article illustrates how Taksim square as a public space has been shaped by struggles between different ideologies discourses political decisions and daily activities taking place at personal interpersonal local national supranational and global scales Through this way this article also aims at understanding how these contestations at different scales are affecting people individually and collecti

In this article the study assessed the domestication process of humankind within the frame of urbanization and power accumulation Within this framework by giving various examples from chicken farms The study expresses the authors opinions on the analogy of the liberated human beings in cities and the freerange chickens in farms It has also been tried to explain how a city acts as a human farm Cities are governed by the ones holding power similar to the farms are ruled by farmers and humans during their history of civilization have lost their right of deciding on their lives and fates agains

Housing is one of the basic needs of humans Families in different countries with various cultures who have different lifestyles respond to their individual needs including physical and mental in a safe place that is called house The world population is increasing day by day In parallel to this population growth housing demand increases rapidly Iran is also a country which has a rapid population growth and has developed a series of policies to solve the housing problems Affordable housing is one of solution for providing the house by governments These type of houses is the ways to answer the

This study investigates liveability in the context of sustainable public housing in Niger State Nigeria where existing housing efforts have fallen short of residents satisfaction Recognizing the critical link between liveability indicators and environmental sustainability this research aims to identify key liveability variables that could be integrated into the design and construction of sustainable public housing Employing a mixedmethod approach the study involved cluster sampling for selecting housing estates and units followed by the administration of 910 questionnaires containing 102 qu