The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) began operations in 1995 with the consolidation of two Consultative Group on International Research (CGIAR) - sponsored livestock research centres: the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD), in Kenya, and the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), in Ethiopia.

Small-ruminant production contributes significantly to the national and household economy in many countries. Small-ruminants are a key component of the livelihood systems in rural Ethiopia which substantially contribute to income, food, skin and wool, manure, serve as part of the crop failure risk-coping portfolio of enterprises, for asset wealth security as a form of saving money and social and cultural functions. This study analyzes hedonic price analysis of indigenous sheep and goats traits in two districts (Atsbi-Wemberta and Adwa) of eastern and central Tigray, northern Ethiopia.

Beekeeping is an appropriate and well-accepted farming activity which directly and indirectly contributes to smallholder income generation in Adwa and Ahferom districts. But there are a number of problems in honey and beeswax value chains that can be faced from production up to consumption.

Using a 9-country dataset from sub-Saharan Africa, and integrating quantitative household-level analyses with qualitative work, the paper shows that gender relations affect agricultural practices and adaptation. The women farmers in our sample control less land than men, the land they control is often of poorer quality, and their tenure is insecure. Women, more than men, are dependent on internal village groups, as opposed to organizations operating at regional or national levels.