Study was conducted to determine turnover of water, nitrogen and energy in lactating Holstein x Boran cows. Nine cows (Bos indicus × B. taurus) between their 42nd and 420th the days of lactation were selected for this study. The crossbred cows had ad libitum access to water and a dried maize stover/lablab mixture (3:1), and received 3.2 kg of concentrate (wheat bran, molasses, bone meal) and 3 kg of fresh Napier grass per day.

Recurring water crises, global water initiatives, and demands for water reforms by development banks, have all pushed water up the agenda of most Mekong-region countries. Many changes have already been made. Now decision makers need to know what has worked, what hasn?t, and why. To find out, IWMI has reviewed new water policies, plans and laws, and assessed participation, the new water ?apex bodies?, and integrated water resources management (IWRM). The findings show that top-down state policies based on ?blueprints?

Livestock interact with the environment directly or indirectly in the process of their production. The interaction with the water resources is also direct or indirect and can be positive or negative depending on the system of production. In the study area of this work, the mixed croplivestock production is the main type of livestock production by smallhoder subsistence farmers where cattle are reared for dairying. The study was done as a case study of two selected PA’s of the wereda. One part of this research was to describe the dairy cattle water interaction.