This primer provides guidance for including and protecting vulnerable groups in the context of a land-based investment. It outlines the importance of identifying and engaging with vulnerable groups, who often have weak claims to land rights and are particularly susceptible to negative impacts from changes in land use. It provides

• an overview of who may qualify for inclusion in a vulnerable group and descriptions of specific vulnerable groups, and

• step-by-step guidance for governments, business, and communities..

This primer on monitoring and evaluation (M&E) offers a brief explanation of what M&E is, why it is important and what common best practices are associated with it, all in the context of supporting the implementation of a socially responsible land-based investment. It also includes specific guidance on how to develop and execute an effective M&E plan for the implementation of an investment.

Tetra Tech’s land tenure and property rights experts examine how weak land and resource governance can fuel drivers of violent extremism. With a focus on the African Sahel, this new issue brief finds this dynamic is especially prevalent when land and resource governance challenges are coupled with environmental disruptions, resource scarcity, or migration.

Although women in Ecuador have relatively strong property rights, these are not always honored, resulting in
their experiencing patrimonial violence. This is one of the reasons that, according to our national household assets
survey, the value of women’s assets on average is less than that of men. Nonetheless, there are major differences
in the average value of wealth attained depending on a person’s marital status (being much higher among those
who are married in comparison to living in a consensual union) and in the size of the gender wealth gap (being