This report was commissioned by the Forestry Commission to better understand the current woodland social enterprise sector in England. It provides evidence of a fledgling but very diverse sector with significant innovation. It discusses the definition of “woodland social enterprise”, the potential size of this sector, and suggests indicators for measuring future growth.

The report utilises four case studies of shared management of different environmental assets that are in private, charitable, local and national public ownership. It identifies some of the benefits of shared management, the success factors that make collaborative approaches work, and the particular role of intermediaries in the process.This work was undertaken as part of the Clore Social Leadership Programme.

The Land Use Consolidation Act (LUC) was introduced in 2008 and is an important
component of agricultural policy in Rwanda. As part of the Government of Rwanda’s
broader Crop Intensification Program (CIP), LUC entails participating farmers
consolidating aspects of their operations with neighboring farmers, while retaining
individual ownership of their parcels. LUC farmers also agree to grow a single priority
crop that has been identified by the Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI) as best suited to

Farm fragmentation, in which a household operates more than one separate parcel of land, is a common phenomenon in Sub-Saharan Africa. Concerned by the perceived costs of fragmented as opposed to consolidated holdings, several countries have implemented land consolidation programs. But these interventions overlook the benefits that land fragmentation can offer farmers in managing risk, in overcoming seasonal labor bottlenecks, and in better matching soil types with necessary food crops.

Sustainable land management best practices on integrated approaches to natural resources management covers all the major rural land use systems including agriculture, rangeland, and forestry. Environmental sustainability and sustainable livelihoods can be achieved only through a holistic approach in which different resource users and decision makers come together to agree on common objectives that also maintain the ecological integrity of the resource base.In Rwanda, farmers integrate both crop and livestock operations.

This paper describes how the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)/Rwanda is working with the Government of Rwanda and other donors to identify and resolve key issues re-lated to the management of the country’s renewable natural resources--its forests, soils, and water. The purpose of the study
is to illustrate how small countries and Agency for International
Development (A.I.D.) Missions with limited resources can incor-
porate natural resources management into development activities

Food crop production in Rwanda is predominantly dependent on the productivity in small- and fragmented farms. Raising productivity levels in smallholder farms therefore represents a vital means to economic growth and poverty reduction in Rwanda. Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI) has embarked on a simplified land use consolidation model whereby farmers in a given area grow the priority food crops in a synchronized fashion while keeping their land rights intact.

Paper for a LandNet RwandaRwanda workshop. Contains a conceptual framework on land and poverty; land attributes and the seeds of poverty including tenure issues; critical challenges to policy makers. Includes a descriptive summary of land problems from a recent university survey. Argues that land policies are fragile when mechanistically determined from the top, and need to involve the people in arbitration of disputes. Concludes that there can be no answer to poverty that does not take account of land.

In the complex soilscape of Rwanda, failure to tailor soil fertility management technologies to specific soil types is the major constraint to their adoption. A study was undertaken to understand how scientists can introduce new soil-related technologies as part of the already functioning farmers’ soil knowledge (FSK) system and achieve soil-specific fertility management interventions. Farmer participatory research and biophysical diagnostic methods were used in Akavuguto watershed, southern Rwanda.

Faced with a serious land crisis, the Rwandan government adopted a new national land law and policy. These measures are part of a long historical process of expansion of state control over property, including land and cows. The Government cites security of tenure as the primary objective of the new policy and law. The rigor and speed of implementation of these measures will vary from one community to another. This paper argues that some feel threatened by the new law and will act as they find necessary to protect their interests.

This thesis was aimed at the development of a Geographical Information System (GIS) based model to support the Rwanda Land Use and Development Master Plan. Developing sustainable land management is the main task of this master plan. Stakeholder’s involvement was of key importance. Their demands should be analysed and visualised to support discussions and the decision-making process. Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a proven method for land-use planning purposes. However, most land-use planning applications focus on a specific theme, such as urban development.

Butare, where this study was conducted, exhibits one of the highest population densities in Rwanda. As a direct result of population growth, most peasants have small fields and land fragmentation is common. The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of land fragmentation on economic efficiency. Regression analysis shows that area operated is primarily determined by the population-land ratio, non- agricultural employment opportunities, ownership certainty and adequate information through agricultural training.