Seventy years after independence and
more than a decade of political and institutional reforms,
Indonesia has emerged as a stable democracy. Indonesia’s
achievements are now under stress, with a slowdown in its
commodity driven economy, stagnant rates of poverty
reduction, and rapidly rising inequality. The development
policy review, completed in 2014, and the systematic country
diagnostic (SCD), completed in 2015, explain the limited

This paper investigates possible impacts
of climate change on the poor communities of the Bangladesh
Sundarbans via changes in aquatic salinity and mangrove
species. The implications for poor communities are assessed
by computing changes in high-value mangrove species for the
five sub-districts in the Sundarbans. The results of the
impact analysis indicate highly varied patterns of gain and
loss across the five sub-districts. Overall, however, the

This document details the scope and the
main elements of the Country Partnership Framework (CPF)
with the Republic of Botswana for FY16-20. The previous
Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), considered by the Board
on May 21, 2009 and completed in 2013 has built a solid
foundation to design the new World Bank Group (WBG) program.
The CPF supports the government’s ongoing National
Development Plan (NDP10) that has recently been extended

Central America is undergoing an
important transition, with urban populations increasingat
accelerated speeds, bringing pressing challenges as well as
opportunities to boost sustained,inclusive and resilient
growth. Today, 59 percent of Central America's
population lives in urban areas, but it is expected that
within the next generation 7 out of 10 people will live in
cities, equivalent to adding 700,000 new urban residents

The Jordan economic monitor provides an
update on key economic developments and policies over the
past six months. It also presents findings from recent World
Bank work on Jordan. It places them in a longer-term and
global context, and assesses the implications of these
developments and other changes in policy for the outlook for
the country. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to
financial markets to indicators of human welfare and

This report was prepared as part of the
World Bank engagement in the Philippines to support Islamic
Finance and Financial Inclusion. It provides an overview on
the context for the development of Islamic finance in the
Philippines and is accompanied by two focused reports
providing further detail and suggestions on enhancing
financial inclusion in the Philippines through Islamic
microfinance and assessment of the status of financial

Prior to the political and security
crisis of 2012, Mali, a large landlocked country in West
Africa already ranked among the poorest countries in the
world. In early 2012, the vast northern regions fell under
the control of extremist forces, while a coup d’état in
Bamako threw the country into political instability and
turmoil. A strong international military response in early
2013 prevented further destabilization, though part of the

The November 8, 2015 elections in
Myanmar marked a historic milestone in the country’s
political and economic transition that began in 2011.
Incoming policy makers are preparing to pick up the baton
and deliver on the people’s strong aspirations for a
harmonious and prosperous Myanmar. In this series of policy
notes, the World Bank Group seeks to promote dialogue on
critical development challenges and on options for policies

Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
placed access to basic services at the center of
international development in 2016-2030. Out of 17 goals,
five address the access of poor people to basic services: to
health in SDG3, to education in SDG4, and SDG5, to water and
sanitation in SDG6, to energy in SDG7, and to urban services
in SDG11. The mutually reinforcing relationship between
electricity access, economic development, and poverty

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF)
presents the World Bank Group (WBG) program and the
associated results framework for Lebanon for the period
FY17-FY22. In a fragile and conflict-prone environment, this
CPF aims at mitigating the immediate, and potentially
long-lasting impact of the Syria crisis on Lebanon, while
strengthening state institutions, addressing existing
vulnerabilities, and bolstering efforts on longer term

The Government of Jordan, the World Bank
Group (WBG), and the international community are working
towards a paradigm shift in their collective response to the
refugee crisis - a holistic approach which stresses the
continuum between the humanitarian response and the
country’s development agenda. In parallel, Jordan’s implicit
social contract by which the state provided citizens with
jobs and heavily subsidized public services is evolving.

The new Country Partnership Framework
(CPF or framework) presents the engagement of the World Bank
Group (WBG) in Sri Lanka over the next four years (fiscal
years 2017-20 (FY17–20)). The CPF aims to support the
achievement of some of the government’s medium-term goals in
areas that are critical for reducing extreme poverty and
promoting shared prosperity, and that are consistent with
the WBG’s comparative advantage. Notably, the CPF provides