La Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario y Rural es una política nacional sectorial para el desarrollo agropecuario y rural en Bolivia. El objetivo principal de la Estrategia es contribuir a incrementar el ingreso y empleo de los productores agropecuarios y rurales, dotándoles de conocimientos y medios para insertarse de manera sostenida y competitiva en los mercados, en un marco de inclusión, equidad social, cultural y de género. Las acciones propuestas apuntan a lograr un conjunto de metas hasta el 2007 y el 2015.

Dans le cadre de mettre en œuvre la plate-forme d’action de Beijing singée lors de la quatrième Conférence Mondiale sur les Femmes en 1995, le Gouvernement Malgache a élaboré un Plan d’Action National Genre et Développement (PANAGED) qui reconnait la nécessité de promouvoir l’égalité des sexes et l’autonomisation des femmes, en tant que moyen efficace de combattre la pauvreté, la faim et la maladie et de promouvoir un développement réellement durable.

The Third Generation Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper is a cross-sectoral national strategic document of Sierra Leone in force during 2013-2018. Its main objective is to achieve a robust and consistent level of high economic growth and to maintain significant progress on governance indicators together with sustained improvements in human development indicators for its citizens.The Paper provides for various measures in order to increase the production of staple food crops for food security. These measures mainly concentrate on agricultural development and are summarized below.

The Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program is a cross-sectoral national program of Ethiopia covering the period of 2002-2005. Its main objective is to reduce poverty and at the same time maintain macroeconomic stability.With regard to food security, the strategy’s overall objective is to ensure food security at the household level, while the rural development policies and strategies would focus on ensuring national food self-sufficiency.

This paper is based on community-level data from 188 villages in rural Madagascar. The survey that was conducted in 1997 made extensive use of long-term recall questions ascertaining changes during the past 10 years in rice yields, wages, population, soil fertility, and other pertinent variables of rural development. We find that—on average for all villages—the yields of irrigated rice, the major food crop, and real agricultural wages declined, while the communities expanded their upland area by nearly a quarter and experienced deteriorating fertility of their upland soils.

Gender disparities continue to exist in women’s control, inheritance, and ownership of land in spite of legislation directing improvements in women’s land access. Women are often excluded from traditional patrilineal inheritance systems, often lack the legal know-how or enforcement mechanisms to ensure their property rights are maintained, and often lack initial capital or asset bases to purchase land through market mechanisms.

The authors address questions such as: (1) how do parents allocate land and education between sons and daughters? (2) how do changing returns to land and human capital affect parents' investments in children? (3) what do gender differences in land and schooling mean for the welfare of men and women? (4) is gender equity compatible with efficiency and growth? The book is based on intensive household surveys in Ghana, Indonesia, and the Philippines." -- From Text

High urbanization rates in Latin America are accompanied by an increase in women’s participation in the labor force and the number of households headed by single mothers. Reliable and affordable childcare alternatives are thus becoming increasingly important in urban areas. The Hogares Comunitarios Program (HCP), established in Guatemala City in 1991, was a direct response to the increasing need of poor urban dwellers for substitute childcare.

Households face many collective action situations, with members working together to produce livelihoods and allocate goods. But neither unitary nor bargaining models of the household provide frameworks to analyze the conditions under which households work collectively and when they fail to do so.

"While ample evidence documents that urban children generally have better nutritional status than their rural counterparts, recent research suggests that urban malnutrition is on the rise. The environment, choices, and opportunities of urbanites differ greatly from those of rural dwellers' from employment conditions to social and family networks to access to health care and other services.

Data collected from a 1997 household survey carried out in Accra, Ghana, are used to look at the crucial role that women play as income earners and in securing access to food in urban areas. The high number of female-headed households and the large percent of working women in the sample provide a good backdrop for looking at how women earn and spend income differently than men in an urban area. Livelihood strategies for both men and women are predominantly labor based and dependent on social networks.

In this paper we investigate whether a conditional cash transfer program such as the Programa Nacional de Educación, Salud y Alimentación (PROGRESA) can simultaneously combat the problems of low school attendance and child work. PROGRESA is a new program of the Mexican government aimed at alleviating extreme poverty in rural areas. It combats the different causes of poverty by providing cash benefits that are targeted directly to households on the condition of children attending school and visiting health clinics on a regular basis.