The implementation of activities in 2023 is focused on integrated emissions reduction and sustainability, as well as promoting investments in value chains oriented towards national and regional objectives of adaptation and mitigation of climate change, poverty, social inclusion and biodiversity.

Silvopastoral systems, integrating tree cultivation with livestock grazing, offer sustainable agricultural practices with environmental benefits. This study explores the vital role of Ziziphus species in Tunisian silvopastoral systems, emphasizing their ecological, economic, and cultural significance. The genus, comprising Ziziphus lotus, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Ziziphus mauritaniana, contributes to soil conservation, water retention, and biodiversity enhancement. Economic benefits include nutritional fruits, medicinal resources, and income generation.

With the ever-increasing rates of malnutrition, both overnutrition and undernutrition, improving agricultural and consumption practices globally plays a critical role in supporting sustainable diets.

This research examined how the Smart-Valleys approach for water control was disseminated, its impact on rice yield, farmers' income, and food consumption score, as well as the farmers' perception of its advantages in Mali. In total, 469 farmers, including 68% women and 35% youth, adopted the Smart-Valleys approach across 10 sites, covering an area of 61.9 hectares. The primary dissemination methods included on-farm demonstrations, farmers exchange days, capacity building for extension agents and young service providers, along with continuous support to farmers during implementation.

Despite the significant progress made in addressing food insecurity and malnutrition in Kenya, the problem
remains pervasive in Turkana . At the same time, threats of climate change and other risk like Covid 19 have worsened the bleak situation beyond its adaptive limits. Therefore, a genuine need for building interventions that are both responsive to local contexts and resilient to ensure long term development is apparent.

Soil health is the inherent ability of soil to function for agroecosystems productivity and environmental sustainability. With the limitations of nutrients, degradation, water conservation, extreme conditions due to climate change and mounting pressure to produce food, soil health is critical for human existence and thus gaining global debates. Developing and implementing the strategies and action plans to ensure soil health and fertility is also the strategic priority by framework for action biodiversity for food and agriculture.

Nature positive agriculture initiative offers sustainable food production system that meet the demands of growing population as well as facilitating the necessity of environmental restoration, biodiversity conservation thereby improving soil, land and water by scientifically supported solutions. Nature positive implement and equitably support food and livelihoods on the ground through a transformative change, initiating at farm and community-level, mainstreaming the research pathways and solutions in the smallholder agricultural systems.

Agroecology is increasingly gaining importance around the world, including in Tunisia: It is defined as a holistic approach to redesign food systems in the purpose of concurrently achieving ecological, economic, and social sustainability. In this paper, we argue that principles behind the agroecological transition of food systems can be fully aligned with the holistic approach of One Health, and we provide an early conceptualization for that.

Prescribed burning is gaining attention as a vital tool for managing rangeland ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa, offering benefits for ecological restoration, biodiversity conservation, and overall land management. While fire is a natural and essential process that many ecosystems depend on, suppressing it can lead to the elimination of species and disrupt the ecological balance. Different ecosystems require varied approaches to fire management, with fire-sensitive ones needing protection and fire-dependent ones necessitating the right type and frequency of fire.

Nature-positive solutions (NPS) seek to address the negative effects of climate change, restore biodiversity, and sustainably manage land and water resources through strategies implemented at farm and community levels, drawing on both traditional and scientific knowledge, while ensuring that agriculture stays within planetary boundaries. Given gender differences in livelihood roles, control over resources, and influence over livelihood decisions, men and women have different needs from and preferences for nature-positive solutions.

Dietary diversity is an established public health principle, and its measurement is essential for studies of diet quality and food security. However, conventional between food group scores fail to capture the nutritional variability and ecosystem services delivered by dietary richness and dissimilarity within food groups, or the relative distribution (i.e., evenness or moderation) of e.g., species or varieties across whole diets. Summarizing food biodiversity in an all-encompassing index is problematic.

With scientific and technical backstopping of CGIAR and other partners, for the first time, the Convention on Biological Diversity (GBF) has included a clear reference to the role of domesticated species diversity at the population level (Target 4), the role of agroecological approaches for the sustainable use of biodiversity in agriculture (Target 10), and has included means to monitor progress (Agrobiodiversity Index). The main users of the GBF are the member parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity.