Seminario sobre Empleo, Población y Desarrollo

Proyecto Aplicación de Instrumentos de Política Económica para la Gestión Ambiental y el Desarrollo Sustentable en Países Seleccionados de América Latina y el Caribe

La búsqueda de China de recursos naturales en América Latina / Felipe Freitas da Rocha y Ricardo Bielschowsky .-- Gobierno corporativo y deuda internacional de empresas latinoamericanas / Georgina Núñez Reyes, Ignacio Perrotini Hernández y Francisco López-Herrera .-- Efecto derrame del crecimiento de China en América del Sur: un análisis basado en el comercio internacional / Gercione Dionizio Silva, Marília Fernandes Maciel Gomes y Evandro Camargos Teixeira .-- Desigualdades territoriales, transferencias de igualación y reparto asimétrico de recursos naturales no renovables en América Latin

China’s quest for natural resources in Latin America / Felipe Freitas da Rocha and Ricardo Bielschowsky .-- Corporate governance and international bond issues by Latin American corporations / Georgina Núñez Reyes, Ignacio Perrotini Hernández and Francisco López-Herrera .-- The spillover effect of Chinese growth on South America: an analysis from international trade / Gercione Dionizio Silva, Marília Fernandes Maciel Gomes and Evandro Camargos Teixeira .-- Territorial inequality, equalization transfers and asymmetric sharing of non-renewable natural resources in Latin America / Giorgio Brosi

Han pasado 30 años desde la adopción del Convenio sobre Pueblos Indígenas y Tribales, 1989 (núm. 169) de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y, a pesar de que los Estados de América Latina reconocieron plenamente los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, este continúa siendo uno de los colectivos con mayor rezago en materia económico-social, aun cuando la región ha logrado grandes avances en este ámbito.

Land is very important natural resource to the human being as it provides the basis for more than 95% of human food. On the broader context, land has many other functions, e.g. provision of biological habitats and physical and connective space; regulation of hydrology and climate; storage of minerals, raw materials and historical/pre-historical records; and as a buffer to control waste and pollution. Expanding human requirements and economic activities are placing ever increasing pressures on land resources, creating competition and conflicts and resulting in suboptimal use of land.

This report looks at the ways in which natural resource management—the institutions, policies and practices that govern land, water, forests, minerals, hydrocarbons—interact with violent conflict in Afghanistan.

In the past decade, land and control of resources have been a significant aspect of government and donor concerns in Afghanistan. In the light of social transformations, increased demographic pressure, displacement, and economic evolutions, land is more than ever at the heart of economic and social considerations.

Tajikistan’s population is predominantly rural and largely dependent on agriculture. Agriculture accounts for a quarter of Tajikistan’s gross domestic product and export revenues, 39% of tax revenues, and half of total employment. Given the widespread migration of male Tajik workers overseas, women constitute the majority of employees (accounting for 53% of the economically active population in agriculture). Arable land is in short supply at 0.15 hectares (ha) per capita (rising to 0.20 ha per capita for the rural population).

The resurgence of conservative patriarchal values in Tajikistan have led to the rise of early marriages and polygamy, compromising women’s and girls’ opportunities to realize their full potential to live quality lives, and have deterred women from fully participating in and benefitting from development. The report provides sector-specific gender analyses and identifies entry points for mainstreaming gender in agriculture and natural resources, education, energy, entrepreneurship and SME development, and transport.

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These learning modules provide training material for Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ advocates on how to operationalise benefit-sharing and concluding benefit-sharing agreements. There are three modules covering these broad issues in relation to natural resources, traditional knowledge and farmers' rights.