• Limited access to credit, e.g., due to a lack of collateral and documented land rights, exposes smallholder farmers to risk and liquidity constraints
• This does not only reduce farmers’ ability to cope with weather shocks but may also prevent them from investing in their farms.
• Insurance to reduce risk and thereby increase access to credit typically falls short: High costs of indemnity-based insurance; Basis risk in weather index-based insurance.
• What if we can overcome information asymmetries at a low cost, using smartphone images?

At the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28), it is imperative for African countries to foster unity and collaboration with other developing nations to realise successful outcomes for the continent’s food systems transformation agenda. Key resources for the Africa Group of Negotiators and other stakeholders include the African Union Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy (2022-2032) (African Union Climate Strategy) and the Nairobi Declaration to identify concrete priorities and actions for climate-resilient agriculture in Africa.

The African Heads of State and Government gathered for the inaugural Africa Climate Summit in Nairobi, Kenya, from 4th to 6th September 2023. The Summit sought to launch a new climate ambition for Africa and to invite supportive partnerships to pursue the continent’s climate-resilient, low emissions development pathways. The Summit focused on climate change and development in Africa, and the need for improved global investment in climate action. African countries were able to detail their plans and investment needs, and push for reform of international financial architecture.

This document summarises the IGAD Climate Adaptation Strategy (2023-2030). The IGAD Climate Adaptation Strategy provides a framework for collaborative efforts to mitigate climate risks and bolster the resilience and adaptive capacities of IGAD Member States. Embracing a comprehensive societal approach to resilience, the Strategy outlines realistic and attainable near-, medium-, and long-term targets. As the first-ever regional-wide adaptation Strategy, it underscores IGAD's renewed dedication to climate adaptation as a central development priority.

Long term experiments (LTEs) are critical in relation to the slow variables of the agronomic
gain key performance indicators (KPIs) related to sustainability, including aspects of
productivity and environment. The CGIAR Centers involvedin Excellence in Agronomy
Initiative (EiA) are managing 32 LETs, ranging from 7 to 61 years old. These experiments that
are on maize, rice, and wheat based cropping systems, are located in East and Southern
Africa (15), Latin America (6) South Asia (4), and few in Central and West Asia and North

The objective of this study is to assess available digital tools that researchers and extension advisers can use to contribute to achieving low-emission food systems and sustainable development priorities and to determine, based on the assessment, what digital tool needs persist.

Introduction
Rice is a major source of nutrients, largely contributing to the food and nutrition security for millions of
people in Africa although most countries still rely on huge imports to meet local demand. Extreme
temperatures, drought, flooding, and high salinity are climate change related stresses that negatively
affect rice yield and grain quality. Thus, tackling these constraints is a critical action to increasing rice self sufficiency in Cameroon and Africa in general.
Methods

Livestock production and productivity are very low in Ethiopia. Poor quality and inadequate quantity of feeds are major constraints in the Ethiopian highlands. The farming system in Bale zone, where AICCRA project has been operating, is dominated by production of wheat as a major food and cash crop. Most grazing lands changed to cultivated lands due to increasing human population. Wheat straw has been the major livestock feed in the area, which is low in palatability and nutritional value. As a result, livestock production and productivity have been declining from time to time.

With the acknowledgment of climate change as a key development concern, the concept of climate resilience to combat its impacts has gained research and policy impetus. Further, there has been a growing emphasis on gender in climate resilience, given that women are documented as experiencing greater vulnerabilities and adaptation challenges.

The combined effects of climate change, COVID-19 and rising prices shape vulnerabilities of rural communities, differentiated by gender, livelihood, asset ownership (including land and livestock), and type of social protection received. Do gender-responsive socialprotection and complementary programs targeting rural women help strengthen capacities to cope with and adapt to overlapping shocks and stresses? And do they simultaneously reinforce vulnerabilities and reproduce inequalities, as unintended consequences?

As climate change intensifies, its negative impacts on agriculture and food systems are also accelerating, particularly affecting the smallholder vulnerable farmers, the majority of whom are women in developing countries. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is designed to contribute to productivity enhancement, and support adaptation and mitigation to build resilience of farmers. However, the evidence on the factors influencing adoption of CSA by women farmers, and the consequent impacts, is scarce.

Climate change has emerged as a challenge that has risen up the global development agenda, with anticipated adverse impacts on agricultural production and food security. Furthermore its disproportionate impacts on women, contributing to increased work burden and adaptation challenges, have been documented extensively. Given this, the concept of ‘climate resilience,’ has gained traction in development planning.