This article investigates the encroachment on pastoralist grazing land in Sudan (as a result of the mechanised farming in the Sudan).

The agricultural economy of Malaysia has traditionally been export-oriented. Cassava was the 1st of the export crops, established in the 1850s. Malaysia is a land-surplus, labor-scarce economy; thus cassava was planted in a shifting cultivation system giving it the image of a soil-depleting crop. Data are also provided on yields, production systems, production costs and labor utilization, and pricing and market efficiency. The national plan through 2000 emphasizes tree crops, which could affect cassava production.

In Thailand cassava is produced mainly for export. The Thai cassava industry was based on starch export until the 60s when West Germany began to use CSW for animal feed. As this was a by-product of starch manufacturing, shortages resulted, leading to the market for CM. Chips became the dominant export in 1964 and so did native pellets in 1969, and hard pellets in 1983. Thailand went from a minor producer of cassava in the 50s to presently the 2nd largest in the world. Data are provided on production trends, yields (av.

This analysis of global and Asian markets looks at protectionism and substitution (decline in starch trade, rise in trade of cassava feedstuffs) and the Asian regional market for cassava feedstuffs. The degree of substitution between cassava and grains has increased measurably during the postwar period. Cassava's future in world markets depends on its ability to compete with grains; so far this has depended on grain pricing policies and tariff structures of importing countries, making cassava trade more vulnerable than the international grain trade.

In the early days of commercial penetration of East
Africa by the Europeans the present route to Uganda originating
from the Kenyan Coast town of Mombasa was rarely used
because of the difficulties experienced in sustaining long
caravans over the arid Nyika Region between the Coast and
the Kenya Highlands, and the hostility of tribes inhabiting
this area - especially the Masai. Colonial penetration of
the present area known as Kenya began about 1850 and intensified
after 1883 when Joseph Thomson managed to cross Masai Land;