Actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions to stabilize warming at 2 degree Celsius, as
agreed by the international community in 2009, will fall
short if they do not include the transport sector. Transport
is responsible for around 23 percent of global carbon
dioxide emissions and emissions are expected to rise without
further action to curb emission growth and invest in low
carbon transport modes. Investment needs are estimated at

Problems or even failure in transport
initiatives are more likely for projects set in the urban
areas of developing countries. Connecting a rural village to
an all-weather road or restoring a section of national
highway is usually straightforward. Costs are modest,
institutional issues limited, and the benefits obvious. In
contrast, urban transport is not a single mode governed by a
single agency but a collection of modes with varied

Abstract: The
cultural
heritage
buildings
give
a
sense
of
past
and
of
cultural
identity.
Those
buildings

encompassed
the
historical
evidence,
artifacts
and
beliefs.

As
being
a
last
capital
of

Myanmar

Konbaung
Dynasty,

there
were
various
kinds
of
building
which
are
still
left
out
in

Abstract: "This report is about urbanism and historical heritage preservation in Yangon, Myanmar. When we
look at urbanism, we are as well to view from the perspectives of urban development along with
urban planning. The buildings are merely the physical infrastructures for the citizens of Yangon
but also
the cultural landscape and the history of the place. They have been changing throughout
the time along with social and culture values of the local people. To be able to understand fully
about the urban development of a certain area,

Abstract: "This research paper would be conducted to integrate with cultural heritage buildings and
new public buildings within the
whole area of Bagan harmoniously. New public buildings such as
hotels, motels, guest houses, inns, museum and viewing tower are constructed within old Bagan
area, new Bagan area, area of inside city wall and Nyaung Oo area. The authority demarcated laws
an
d regulations, and building control plans within archaeological zone, monumental zone and

This Photo Set shows development projects including road and bridge construction in Win Yay Township, Dooplaya District between December 2014 and January 2015. These development projects destroyed villagers’ fruit and rubber plantations. Villagers report having not yet received any compensation for their destroyed lands.

This report argues that urbanization
brings significant opportunities for both rural and urban
areas and that Burundi needs to prioritize issues of
economic growth and job creation. Based on a diagnostic
evaluation of the current urbanization and spatial growth,
GDP, and job potential, the report highlights the importance
of prioritizing policies and investments to address
deficiencies in Burundi urbanization. These remedial actions

China has used two main spatial policies
to shape its geographic patterns of development: restricted
labor mobility through the Hukou residential registration
system and massive infrastructure investment, notably a
96,000 kilometer national expressway network. This paper
develops a structural new economic geography model to
examine the impacts of these policies. Fitting the model to
available data allows simulating counterfactual scenarios

This issue includes the following
headings: finding the right broadband public-private
partnership (PPP): whats key for emerging economies?; reform
has its rewards: telecom takes off in Myanmar; e-gov
excellence: models from Colombia, Ghana, India, and
Portugal; know what you know: creating a government
technology strategy; and closing the gap: Facebook and intel
connect the unconnected.

This issue includes the following
headings: donors: aid versus trade; investment: seeking
strong partners; power: hydro heats up; water: sanitation
solutions; and first person: African Development Bank President

This issue of the Handshake, IFCs
quarterly journal on public-private partnerships, contains
the following topics of interest: weighing the options: burn
or bury?; waste and climate: supporting governments;
community engagement: integrating Indias informal sector; an
interview with the director of the documentary Trashed; and
bonus: podcast with 2013 CNN hero on community cleanups.

Central place theory predicts that
agglomeration can arise from external shocks. This paper
investigates whether gold mining is a catalyst for
proto-urbanization in rural Ghana. Using cross-sectional
data, the analysis finds that locations within 10 kilometers
from gold mines have more night light and proportionally
higher employment in industry and services and in the wage
sector. Non-farm employment decreases at 20–30 kilometers