Dyera polyphylla, which is locally known as jelutung, is a tree that produces latex. The latex is used for chewing gums, insulator, tube, and others. The wood is soft and bright colour, which can be used for pulp, plywood, pencil, wooden toy, and others. It naturally grows on peat swamp forests in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Indonesian part of Borneo). Along with fast deforestation, population of wild jelutung is decreasing. In the era of degraded peatland restoration, jelutung was promoted to be planted in reforestation and afforestation.

O ritmo migratório rural-urbano é frequentemente superior à taxa de crescimento natural dapopulação citadina, em resultado da procura de oportunidades de emprego por parte daspopulações rurais, o que reflecte (e cria novas) pressões sociais e económicas.Ao longo deste texto procura-se compreender os factores que levam as populações de origemrural a migrar para a cidade de Maputo, assim como compreender as dinâmicas de relacionamentodas mesmas, uma vez na cidade, com o seu universo de origem.

The India Environment Portal is initiated and managed by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) in 2005. It puts together information about environment and development issues in one-stop shop. Information provided include data on forest land diversion for mining state-wise and their ecological impact along with steps taken by government.

This sectoral document aims to illustrate and analyse the main factors of development policy concerning some sectors of fundamental importance for the Tunisian economy.Strategic objectives for the agricultural sector are (i) the natural resources sustainable development together with the reduction of the impacts of climate change through traditional water resources mobilization form groundwater and non-traditional water resources from desalinization and use of treated water; (ii) addressing real estate situations, resistance to ownership dispersion and exploitation of agricultural lands; (i

The monograph examines the recommendations of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel on making the Western Ghats eco sensitive zones in the light of Indian environment laws. The Indian environment debate of conservation and protection of biodiversity has been sustained by post colonial response that has two major opposing strands. The first is the cultural opposition characterised by the indigenous people of their homestead, religious and livelihood rights. The second is the opposition within the political and legal framework that has taken the judicial and policy making route.

Almost 90 percent of the land area in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is ‘wooded’. Of the total land area of 23 million hectares, 15.8 million hectares (68 percent) are forest with more than 10 percent crown cover and 4.8 million hectares are classified as other wooded land with less than 10 percent crown cover. Recently, the government has attempted to stop shifting cultivation through land-use planning and land allocation. Lessons from these efforts have contributed to recognition of the need for the current revision of land and forest policy and legislation.

This training manual has thus been developed to enhance the knowledge and skills in gender mainstreaming, including gender analysis and the integration of the findings from the analysis into the design of forestry interventions. This manual is particularly relevant for forestry-related interventions and practices that seek to promote participation and reduce the inequality that exists between forestdependent women and men, especially among marginalized people living in rural areas.

More than 80 percent of Nepal’s population of 30 million lives in rural areas with agriculture as their main livelihood. About 39 percent of Nepal’s land area of 5.5 million ha is defined as forest land whereas the forested area with 10 percent crown cover is estimated at 25 percent or 3.6 million ha of the land area. Most of the forests are located in the hills and low mountains, where the bulk of the community forests are also found. Recent data from the Department of Forests (DoF) indicates that 18 334 user groups, involving 2.24 million households, presently manage 1.7 million ha.

Seventy percent of Indonesia’s land area (128 million ha) is classified as forest land. Estimates of the number of villages located on these lands vary from 25 000 to 33 000 with an estimated population of 50 to 70 million people. Many of these inhabitants claim customary rights to around 40 million ha of state forest land, claims that were recently recognized, in principle, in a ruling of the Constitutional Court on 16 May 2013.

Agriculture, and the patterns of land-use change that are associated with it, have a significant ecological footprint, including the effects it has on climate change, accounting for about one-quarter of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. Yet agriculture is also the only economic sector in which opportunities are present to mitigate climate change, mainly by removing substantial volumes of carbon from the atmosphere and sequestering them in soils and plant tissues. This report synthesizes information on the many areas in which agricultural GHG emissions can be reduced.

Japan's forest industry operates in mountainous regions rather than hilly areas. The forest road density is also low, and it is not easy to develop new roads and maintain them. Therefore, the work of moving about and transporting heavy loads over irregular mountain forest terrain far from roads is still hard labor performed by humans. Even today, a little technical development has been done to assist in this work.