Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 636 - 640 of 1046Regional Law No. 65-ZS amending Regional Law No. 12-ZS “On plenary powers of regional state bodies related to land tenure and management of land parcels”.
In the whole text of the document shall be added the wording “peasant farm shall perform its activity in the sphere of gardening”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 12-ZS “On plenary powers of regional state bodies related to land tenure and management of land parcels”. (2008-07-02)
Order No. 540 of the Ministry of Economic Development validating classification of the authorized use of land plots”.
This Order classifies authorized uses of land plots and, in particular, use of agricultural land for plant cultivation, crops, horticulture, gardening, cultivation of medicinal plants, flax, hemp, ranching, stockbreeding, poultry farming, apiculture and fishfarming.
Regional Law No. 321 amending Regional Law No. 86 “On regulation of land relations”.
Article 3 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Application of land price and payment of for land plots pertaining to public property or with undelimited state property in case of sale thereof to the owners of constructions and edifices located thereupon”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 86 “On regulation of land relations”. (2014-02-18)
Regional Law No. 1712-ZRK “On some issues of regulation of land relations”.
This Regional Law establishes the modalities of determination of the price of land pertaining to regional land property and the price of public land with undelimited property in case of sale thereof to the owners of constructions and edifices located thereupon and also the modalities of determination of rent for lease of land plots, including the modalities, terms and conditions of payment of rent. The price of land in case of sale shall be linked to cadastre value of land plots.
Regional Law No. 1803-ZRK amending Regional Law No. 765-ZRK “On maximum agricultural land plot areas allotted out of stock of public and municipal land to citizens in ownership”.
Article 2 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Maximum land area of the plots of agricultural land allotted free of charge to citizens out of the stock of public and municipal land in ownership shall be set forth as follows: (a) for horticulture, gardening, stockbreeding, suburban housing construction – 0.15 ha; and (b) for subsidiary smallholding – 0, 5.ha; and (c) for individual housing construction in rural areas – 0, 15 ha”.