The objectives of this Country
Environmental Analysis (CEA) were to assess the
environmental quality in the Philippines with a focus on how
this affects human welfare and sustainability, measure and
analyze the biophysical significance and monetary cost of
environmental degradation and derive priority areas of
action, assess the Philippines government's capacity to
manage the environmental challenges identified, and identify

Most economic analyses of climate change
have focused on the aggregate impact on countries of
mitigation actions. The authors depart first in
disaggregating the impact by sector, focusing particularly
on manufacturing output and exports because of the potential
growth consequences. Second, they decompose the impact of an
agreement on emissions reductions into three components: the
change in the price of carbon due to each country s emission

Bangladesh is one of the world's
poorest countries. Nearly 80 percent of the nation's
140 million people reside in rural areas; of these, 20
percent live in extreme poverty. Geographically, many
low-lying areas are vulnerable to severe flooding, while
other regions are prone to drought, erosion, and soil
salinity. Such an unfavorable agricultural landscape,
combined with mismanagement of natural resources and

The last five to ten years have seen a
strong resurgence of interest in bioenergy along with the
gradual development of more modern and efficient bioenergy
production systems. This has been driven by several factors
including instability in oil producing regions, financial
market shift of investments in 2007-2008 to commodities and
oil, extreme weather events, and surging energy demand from
developing countries. Bioenergy developments present both

Agriculture is one of the major sources
of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions accounting for
approximately 14 percent of total GHG emissions. However,
unlike other sectors such as transport or energy,
agriculture is potentially a significant carbon
'sink'. Moreover, because the majority of GHG
emissions from agriculture originate in developing
countries, early intervention could be highly
cost-effective. This note examines the potential role of

The Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Study
evaluates the effects of improved fuel specifications on
refiningoperations and air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa
(SSA). The improved fuel specifications would reduce the
levels of certain pollutants in fuels, in turn reducing
human exposure to these pollutants in ambient air. The
health study estimates the health impacts and associated
monetary benefits associated with the proposed improvements

This paper focuses on evaluations with
findings that challenge important assumptions of the
development field. Its objective is to pinpoint the areas to
watch for in operations or policies that are decisive for
results. By drawing the attention of development
practitioners, policy makers, and evaluators to these
seemingly obvious but often neglected areas, it aims to
improve development effectiveness by better connecting

This study on Addis Ababa is part of the
national Public Expenditure Review (PFR-2010) study and the
report is one of the four regional PER-2010 reports. The
objective of the study is to review the institutional
arrangements for managing public finances in Addis Ababa
city administration, to assess the level, trend, and
composition of public revenue, spending and financing as
well as to review the planning and budgeting process. The

Carbon accounting and labeling are new
instruments of supply chain management and, in some cases,
of regulation that may affect trade from developing
counties. These instruments are used to analyze and present
information on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from supply
chains with the hope that they will help bring about
reductions of GHGs. The designers of these schemes are
caught in a dilemma: on one hand they have to respond to

This report evaluates International
Development Association (IDA) support to Nepal during
2003-2008. IDA’s overarching goal during this period was to
support the Government’s efforts to reduce poverty and
improve human well-being. IDA focused on helping to foster
broad-based growth, social development, social inclusion,
and good governance. The evaluation highlights the need to
introduce greater realism into the country assistance

This country program evaluation (CPE)
assesses the outcomes of the World Bank Group (WBG) program
in Timor-Leste during the review period (2000 to 2010). The
WBG’s strategy during this period was to support the
government of the nascent country in three broad areas: (a)
poverty alleviation and the provision of basic social
services, including health and education; (b) development of
state institutions, including creating good governance and

This report provides a complete and
comprehensive analysis of industrial wastewater management
in industrial estates and craft villages in Vietnam. The
analysis was conducted in three separate stages: 1) a
detailed inventory of industries and industrial activities
responsible for the pollution of the Nhue-Day river basin,
including industrial zones, industrial clusters, industrial
points, craft villages and large-scale stand alone