Proyecto Gestión Urbana en Ciudades Medianas Seleccionadas de América Latina ITA/92/S71

Prefacio En 1990, Italia se convirtió en uno de los estados miembros de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe y coincidentemente con ese evento, se preparó la primera versión del Proyecto 'Gestión Urbana en Ciudades Intermedias de América Latina y el Caribe' (GUCI).Desde 1985, la CEPAL había incorporado el tema de la gestión urbana en su trabajo, a través de las actividades de la Unidad Conjunta CEPAL/HÁBITAT de Asentamientos Humanos, en coordinación con programas similares, como el Programa de Gestión Urbana del PNUD, junto al Banco Mundial y al UNCHS/HÁBITAT.

The study explores the relationship between decentralization and conflict, comparing two case studies in Cambodia and the Philippines. It addresses to what degree and in what ways decentralization influences conflicts that are related to natural resources management (NRM), especially where local institutions are often unrepresentative of, and unaccountable to local communities. In developing countries, the research indicates that sufficient time is an essential component for bringing about genuine and effective local governance, as well as being a means for averting conflict.

This paper highlights how women are interfacing with institutions of power at a local level in Uganda in terms of land claims. According to the Land Act 1998, all land is vested in the citizens who own it. Enormous resistance occurred behind the scenes against women’s efforts to include a provision on spousal co-ownership of land. The provision was passed in parliament but it did not appear in the published Land Act (2003:162).

Many countries grapple with the intractable problem of formalizing tenure security. The concept of ‘fit-for-purpose land administration’ (FFPLA) offers a way forward by advocating a shift towards a more flexible, pragmatic and inclusive approach for land rights recording. Inherently, the process and outcome of implementing FFPLA will have significant socio-political ramifications but these have not received much attention in the literature; additionally, few papers have considered this in the context of decentralization, an endorsed strategy for implementing FFPLA.

The rising global population has increased the demand for food, renewable energy and other materials. Yet at the same time to meet this demand requires land and the amount of available land is finite. Considering the importance of land and ecosystems in providing benefits for human, I conducted four independent research on the socio-economic and biophysical aspects of ecosystem service, in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia.

Met het Investeringsbudget landelijk gebied (ILG) raken het natuurbeleid en de vele gebiedsprocessen in Nederland steeds meer met elkaar verstrengeld. De vraag hier is op welke manier gebiedsprocessen bijdragen aan de uitvoering van het natuurbeleid. Daarbij zijn twee provincies doorgelicht: Zuid-Holland en Overijssel, met bijzonder aandacht voor de Krimpenerwaard (ZH) en Loozensche Linie (Ov).

Facing problems of land, natural resources and environment, Sahelian governments have become increasingly aware that solutions must be sought first among local communities. These communities, in association with government at local and national levels, should be responsible for land and natural resource management. This chapter discusses recent land tenure and environmental management developments as they have occurred in Mali.

"Decentralized approaches to development are gaining increasing prominence. Land tenure reform policy has been affected by many different types of decentralization. However, the literature on land tenure reform rarely explicitly addressed the implications of decentralization, and vice versa. This paper provides a review of how the issues of decentralization are linked to land tenure reform, in theory and practice. Both decentralization and land tenure reform each encompass a number of different, but related concepts and approaches.