The purpose of this study is twofold. On one hand, the objective is to assess the impact of new and more complex contracting schemes, as opposed to traditional marketing channels, on small farmers’ welfare. On the other hand, the study explores which may be the critical factors that determine the small farmers’ participation in these institutional arrangements. In this context, two critical factors are stressed. The first one has to do with access to credit and the second one is the size of the agricultural plot.

Cambodia has experienced rapid economic growth over the last decade. Cambodian gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of over eight percent between 2000 and 2010 and over seven percent since 2011. The tourism, garment, construction & real estate, and agriculture sectors accounted for the bulk of growth. The percentage of the population living in poverty also decreased to approximately 17.7 percent in 2012, the latest figures available. GDP per capita increased to an estimated USD 1,130 in 2014.

A factsheet showing key administrative and investment statistics of Kratie province including a geographical location and road network map of the province and information about ELC, SEZ and other investments.

An independent investigative report on the impact of investment of Hoang Anh Gia Lai and Vietnam Rubber Group and two International Financiers (IFC and Deutsche Bank) on local livelihoods, land rights and environment in the project areas in Cambodia and Lao. It includes a map showing all known ELCs allocated in Cambodia as of 2013 as well as a map showing all known concessions and land leases across Laos.

A factsheet showing key administrative and investment statistics of the Svay Rieng province including a geographical location and road network map of the province and information about ELC, SEZ and other investments.

This paper presents an analysis of an environmental conflict that arose in a Thai industrial zone. The authors analyse state policies to resolve the conflict, and draw lessons for other industrializing nations adopting industrial zone models. The study revealed that a root cause of the conflict was violation of land-use planning regulations and expansion of the industrial zone into community areas. Through legal action, civil society successfully forced the state and industries to halt unplanned expansion.

Cambodia Trade Integration Strategy 2014-2018 (CTIS 2014-2018) is the country’s third generation trade integration strategy. The document focuses on 20 strategic outcomes. These address specific challenges at the market access and business environment level, at the value chain level, at the labor market and skill level, as well as in the management and deployment of technical assistance resources and focus on areas where reforms and institutional development are needed.

While scholars agree on the importance
of land rental markets for structural transformation in
rural areas, evidence on the extent and nature of their
operation, including potential obstacles to their improved
functioning, remains limited. This study uses
household-level data from six countries to start filling
this gap and derive substantive as well as methodological
lessons. The paper finds that rental markets transfer land

Land markets play a limited role in
subsistence economies with low skill-intensity of
agricultural cultivation, equally distributed land
endowments and little movement out of agriculture to join
the non-farm economy. But, as the economy starts to
diversify, the scope for efficiency-enhancing land transfers
beyond immediate kin and for longer than just one season
assumes significantly greater importance. Lease markets can

This paper presents early evidence from
the first large-scale randomized-controlled trial of a land
formalization program. The study examines the links between
land demarcation and investment in rural Benin in light of a
model of agricultural production under insecure tenure. The
demarcation process involved communities in the mapping and
attribution of land rights; cornerstones marked parcel
boundaries and offered lasting landmarks. Consistent with

Rwanda's completion, in 2012/13, of
a land tenure regularization program covering the entire
country allows the use of administrative data to describe
initial performance and combine the data with household
surveys to quantify to what extent and why subsequent
transfers remain informal, and how to address this. In
2014/15, annual volumes of registered sales ranged between
5.6 percent for residential land in Kigali and 0.1 percent

Costa Rica's Program of Payments
for Environmental Services (Pago de Servicios Ambientales,
PSA) provides a unique opportunity to evaluate direct
payments as a conservation policy tool. This paper reports
evidence on how much more forest has been conserved in Costa
Rica as a result of PSA contracts with landowners. Such
evidence requires estimating a counterfactual outcome: how
much forest would have been preserved if there had been no