This paper was submitted in response to a note by the Executive Secretary inviting participating governments to contribute papers on the topics included in the provisional agenda. In Niger stabilization measures are applied to two agricultural commodities, cotton and groundnuts.

This paper focuses on report on an advisory mission to Swaziland on the impact of SAPs on agriculture and trade in Southern Africa. The main purpose of each of the country studies is to provide a general picture of the impact of SAPs on agriculture and trade in the country concerned.

Ce document présente le rapport sur l'organisation de la production, de la multiplication et la distribution des semences de riz, de haricot et de soja dans les Etats membres de la Communauté Economique des pays des Grands Lacs.

The major agricultural products of Tanganyika are subject to a degree of control under the various commodity boards established for that purpose. The degree of control varies from direct participation in marketing in the case of cotton lint and' seed, to the control of production and intermediary arrangements for marketing in the case of pyrethrum and purely advisory capacity in the case of sisal. The general trend of Government policy is towards more direct participation.

Pays d'Afrique tropicale, la Côte d’Ivoire est à vocation essentiellement agricole, et malgré l'essor de sa jeune industrie, son économie externe est encore basée sur l’exportation des grands produits tropicaux: café - cacao - banane - bois - palmistes qui représentent en valeur 94% de son commerce.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the progress that has been achieved, identify innovatory experience and provide a frame for discussion on where to go next. Particular attention will be given to the benefits accruing to small farmers and livestock producers, particularly women. It will deal with policies and programmes in input supply and the provision of credit subject to the continuing constraints on the use of foreign exchange and government finance still prevailing m most African countries.

Malaysia’s democratic transformation took a historical turn between 2017 and 2019. The opposition coalition, the Pakatan Harapan (Alliance of Hope, PH) won the May 9, 2018, general elections, setting the stage for Mahathir Mohamad, the chairman of the coalition, to become the 7th prime minister of Malaysia (he had previously served as the 4th prime minister). This was the first victory by an opposition coalition after 61 years of rule by the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition led by the United Malays National Organization (UMNO).

Land markets are evolving in response to increasing population pressure in Africa.
High population pressure leads to land use intensification on very small farms.
Population growth in densely populated rural areas leads to increasing rural–urban youth migration.
Tenure security enhancing land reforms enhance investments and sustainable land use intensification.
Pro-poor development strategies should target the strengthening of land governance.

Brazil’s decisions around land use are some of the most important in the world. With a growing agricultural sector and abundant natural resources valuable for their biodiversity, fresh water, and carbon stock, Brazil’s challenge is to use available land as efficiently as possible to promote economic growth, while simultaneously protecting important conservation areas. Land markets are a vital part of the efficient land use picture.

Economic theory, as well as empirical findings, suggest that the way in which agricultural support is provided has an influence on land markets, because payments capitalise to some degree into land values, affecting both the sale and rental price of land. This would also have effects on the transfer efficiency of support, on structural change, etc. However, the type of agricultural support is not the only factor influencing land markets.

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the possible effects of the CAP reform
proposals, i.e. the proposed new CAP payments, on EU land.
There are important differences among land markets in EU Member States with respect to
 The nature of the land market (exchanges), in particular the role of rental versus
sales markets;
 Level of agricultural land prices;
 Evolution of agricultural land sales and rental prices;
 Land market regulations and institutions.

Bhutan’s democracy consolidated further following the third elections to National Council and National Assembly in 2018. In the primary round of National Assembly elections, voters favored a newly established third party, Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa (DNT), followed by the opposition in the last parliament, Druk Phuensum Tshogpa (DPT). The incumbent People’s Democratic Party (PDP) failed to advance to the general round.