有保障的权属是可持续森林管理的重要前提条件。更加多样化的权属体系可为改善森林管理、当地生计奠定基础，在森林管理能力较弱的国家尤其如此。过去10年间，很多国家开始改革森林和林地的权属安排，将获取和管理森林资源的权力在不同程度上从中央下放到家庭、私营公司和社区等主体。本书为政策制定者以及森林权属改革的参与者提供了切实可行的指导。书中引用了大量资料，包括粮农组织在非洲、东南亚、拉丁美洲和中亚开展的森林权属评估，得出一些经验教训，并阐明原因。本书列出了10条权属改革指导原则，提出因地制宜通过适应性的方式实现森林权属多样化。本书还强调，成功的权属改革与相关规范框架和治理安排改革相关联，因此必须将其放在更广阔的国家发展议程中来看待。

Este nmero de Unasylva no se articula en torno a un tema especfico, sino que recoge varias cuestiones implcitas y relativas al concepto de los programas forestales nacionales.

Land Tenure Working Paper 19. The present paper is written as part of the overall Voluntary Guidelines consultation and development process and is a contribution to the subsequent preparation of the Gender Technical Guide. It contextualises and defines gender for the Voluntary Guidelines, discusses what governance of tenure means from a gender perspective and identifies and analyses key issues and themes. It then summarises recommendations relevant to gender before drawing some conclusions for the development process of the Voluntary Guidelines.

Second issue of the Journal, which is now published in both hardcopy and in electronic formats and provides an open, impartial and practice-oriented global forum for promoting the latest knowledge in land tenure. This issue features five continents and subcontinents exploring common challenges including tenure governance, the legal recognition of customary tenures, land scarcity and redistributive reforms, and the increasing role of information technology in tenure systems.

Documento de trabajo sobre tenencia de la tierra 5. Este informe estudia las tendencias de la buena gobernanza de la tenencia de la tierra y otros recursos naturales en América Latina. En él se analizan los diferentes mecanismos empleados y se identifican los aspectos que cabe considerar en aras de una gobernanza responsable de la tenencia de la tierra.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and several development partners are working together with countries to prepare Voluntary Guidelines that will provide practical guidance to states, civil society, the private sector, academic and research institutions, donors and development specialists on the responsible governance of tenure.

Concentration of land ownership, lack of access, insecurity of tenure and lack of efficiency and transparency in land administration services, are among the obstacles towards responsible governance of tenure of land and other natural resources in Latin America. These issues have been the subject of discussions and policy recommendations during many international forums, such as the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ICARRD) held in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in March 2006.

Access to land is essential to food production and income generation. It is also a key social and economic asset, crucial for cultural identity, political power and participation in decisionmaking. Social and cultural beliefs often discriminate against people because of gender, social class or ethnic group.