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Regional Law No. 855-OD “On turnover of agricultural land”.

Legislation
Russia

This Regional Law regulates relations in the sphere of turnover of land shares in common property and land parcels of agricultural land. It shall not be applicable to agricultural land used for gardening, horticulture, subsistence farming and individual stockbreeding. Maximum land plot area of agricultural land separated from common ownership shall be equal to land share. Maximum agricultural land area that can be owned by a single natural or legal person shall not exceed 25 percent of total agricultural land available in a given municipal unit.

Regional Law No. 107-oz “On turnover of agricultural land”.

Legislation
Russia

This Regional Law regulates turnover of agricultural land except for agricultural land parcels allotted to citizens for individual subsistence farming, gardening, horticulture and stockbreeding. Minimum agricultural land area shall not be under one hectare and maximum agricultural land area shall not exceed 10 percent of total available agricultural land area within the boundaries of a given municipal unit. Agricultural land parcels shall be allotted to citizens in ownership or on lease through tenders.

Regional Law No. 1243-OZ “On turnover of agricultural land”.

Legislation
Russia

This Regional Law regulates turnover of agricultural land. It establishes that Regional Administration shall have preferential rights of purchase of agricultural land. Maximum agricultural land area that can be owned by one single natural or legal person shall not exceed 30 percent of total available agricultural land within the boundaries of a give municipal unit. Minimum period of lease of agricultural land shall be set forth as follows: (a) for farming – 3 years; (b) for grazing – 3 months; (c) for haymaking – 1 month; and (d) for other purposes – 6 months.

FROM PROMISES TO PRIORITIES

Reports & Research
January, 2013
Latin America and the Caribbean

Despite the growth in the agricultural sector in Latin America and the Caribbean, 8 out of every 10 farmers, small-scale producers who are at the base of domestic food production, remain largely excluded from the related benefits. Government efforts for strengthening agriculture allocate public resources to few lines of spending that favour a minority. Investment on small-scale agriculture is difficult to track and where possible, it is disproportionately lower than this group´s contribution to the sector.

Constitution of Ukraine.

Constitution
June, 1996
Ukraine

Ukraine shall be a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, law-based state (Article 1). The sovereignty of Ukraine shall extend throughout its entire territory. Ukraine shall be a unitary state. The territory of Ukraine within its present borders shall be indivisible and inviolable (Article 2). Everyone shall have the right to an environment that is safe for life and health, and to compensation for damages caused by violation of this right.

Constitution of the Republic of Estonia.

Constitution
Estonia

Estonia is an independent and sovereign democratic republic wherein supreme political authority is vested in the people. The independence and sovereignty of Estonia are timeless and inalienable (Article 1). The land, territorial waters and airspace of Estonia constitute an inseparable and indivisible whole (Article 2). The natural wealth and resources of Estonia are national riches which must be used economically (Article 5).

Constitution of Latvia.

Constitution
February, 1922
Latvia

Latvia is an independent democratic republic (Article 1). The sovereign power of the State of Latvia is vested in the people of Latvia (Article 2). The State shall recognize and protect fundamental human rights in accordance with this Constitution, laws and international agreements binding upon Latvia (Article 89). Everyone has the right to know about their rights (Article 90). Everyone has the right to own property. Property shall not be used contrary to the interests of the public. Property rights may be restricted only in accordance with law.

Constitution of Mongolia.

Constitution
January, 1992
Mongolia

Mongolia is an independent, sovereign republic (Article 1). Mongolia's economy is based on different forms of property following both universal trends of world economic development and national specifics. The State recognizes all forms of both public and private property and legally protects the right to ownership. The livestock of the country is national wealth and subject to state protection. The land, its subsoil, forests, water, fauna, and flora and other natural resources are subject to national sovereignty and state protection.

Constitution of Georgia.

Constitution
August, 1995
Georgia

The territory of the state of Georgia shall be determined as of 21 December 1991. The territorial integrity of Georgia and the inviolability of the state frontiers, being recognised by the world community of nations and international organisations, shall be confirmed by the Constitution and laws of Georgia (Article 2).

Constitution of Turkmenistan.

Constitution
September, 2008
Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a democratic, legal and secular state in which the government takes the form of presidential republic (Article 1). The property is inviolable. Turkmenistan approves the right to private ownership of the means of production, land and other material and intellectual values. They can also belong to the associations of citizens and the state. The law establishes objects that are exclusive property of the state. The state guarantees equal protection and creation of equal conditions for development of all forms of ownership.