This book made an attempt to bring together various legislative protections available to the tribals communities pertaining to the land and governance in the scheduled areas and the role of different institutions to achieve the goals enshrined in the Constitution. It examined the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution and its various provisions and special arrangements made for areas inhabited by Scheduled Tribes and the law relating to local self governance in these areas, primarily through village panchayat-an institution of local self governance.

Chiefly an agricultural society, India has a strong linkage between land and social status of an individual. Nearly 70 % of its population dependent on land, either as farmers or farm laborers and it is imperative to address the issues of land ensuring livelihood, dignity and food security to millions of Indians. Land reform was a major policy initiative in the country in 1950s and early 1960s.

All land in Zambia is vested in the president, in trust for the people of Zambia, under the Land (Conversion of Titles) Act, 1975 (see p.16), SECTION4.The president has delegated landadministration to the Commissioner of Lands under Statutory Instrument No. 7 of 1964 and GazetteNotice No. 1345 of 1975, as amended. Land in Zambia is divided into State (formerly crown),Reserve, and Trust Lands, as well as park reserves.

THE COMMUNITY LAND ACT No. 27 of 2016

Date of Assent: 3lst August,2016

Date of Commencement : 2 I st September, 201 6

The Land Act, 2012

The Land Registration Act, 2012

The National Land Commission Act, 2012

The Environment & Land Court Act, 2011

The Urban Areas & Cities Act, 2011

Fiscal instruments are tools that governments use to manage revenue and expenditure and therefore influence the growth (or stability) of the various sectors of the economy. Government revenue is derived primarily through taxation. In Kenya, land taxation has contributed less than 1% of government revenue for the past three years. The Sessional Paper No.

An Act to provide for the preservation of public land for the purpose of its better utilisation and development and for the conservation of the natural resources

Research and direct witnessing by participants allow realization of the extent to which the situation of native/indigenous peoples and rural communities in general (peasant, forest dwelling, pastoral and fishing) is dramatic everywhere on the planet. 2.5 billion people, members of so called indigenous/native peoples and rural populations in general, live on lands that they share and use in common. However, only a fifth of these lands are registered as community territories by national governments.

Les recherches et les témoignages directs des participants amènent à constater combien la situation des peuples autochtones/indigènes et des communautés rurales en général (paysannes, forestières, pastorales, de pêcheurs) est dramatique sur l’ensemble de la planète. 2,5 milliards de personnes, membres de peuples dits indigènes/autochtones et ruraux en général, vivent sur des terres qu’elles partagent et utilisent en commun. Pourtant, un cinquième seulement de ces terres est enregistré au titre de territoires communautaires par les gouvernements nationaux.

Las investigaciones y los testimonios directos de los participantes constataron cuán dramática es la situación de los pueblos indígenas/autóctonos y de las comunidades rurales en general (campesinas, forestales, pastoriles y de pescadores). Son 2,5 mil millones de personas las que pertenecen a estos pueblos, que viven en tierras compartidas y las usan de modo comunitario. Sin embargo, sólo una quinta parte de estas tierras está registrada como territorio comunitario por los gobiernos nacionales.

Entre el 23 de octubre y el 02 de diciembre de 2016, el IPDRS y el Land Portal, llevaron adelante un foro debate en línea sobre la Propiedad colectiva de la tierra en Sudamérica, desafíos y perspectivas, buscando alimentar la discusión que actualmente proviene de toda una dinámica global desde ONG, centros de investigación, activistas, universidades, colectivos y claramente organizaciones campesinas e indígenas que plantea todo un esfuerzo mundial para defender la propiedad colectiva de la tierra desde sus distintas dimensiones ante las presiones y amenazas provenientes del agronegocio y de

Yurumani es un una comunidad fundada en los años setenta que por la falta de vías de acceso, ha sufrido la invasión de su territorio y la falta de atención del municipio le impulsó a reafirmar su pertenencia territorial a una u otra provincia.