This review outlines livestock's major emission pathways and production trends, and explores the challenges and options for livestock in addressing and coping with climate change. Ruminant production is, and will continue to be, the chief source of the livestock sector's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as a result of deforestation, land degradation and enteric fermentation.

Post-fire changes of physical-chemical and microbiological properties of sandy soils are studied. Such changes are of apparent anthropogenic nature and are unfavorable for establishment of artificial forest stands. The optimal terms for forest planting on post-fire lands are proposed of Northern SteppeUkraine.

The District Forestry of the Duchy of Lauenburg (Schleswig-Holstein) changed silvicultural system in beech forests from 'shelterwood with delayed clearance' to 'group selection felling' due to economic, political and nature conservation reasons. The comparison of both systems showed advantages of group selection system regarding growth of valuable large diameter trees and higher overall income of

Este libro examina los puntos principales de la experiencia nacional de MRV-REDD en Bolivia. Bolivia cuenta con más de 45 millones de hectáreas de bosques, desde los más secos hasta los más húmedos, tanto en tierras bajas como altas; esto equivale a alrededor de 45 a 50% de su territorio.

In recent years, in line with China’s Going Out strategy announced in 2000, China’s overseas investment activities have increased greatly and at increasing rates. By the end of 2009, the total value of China’s outward foreign direct investment had reached US$5.6 billion. Policies have played strong supporting roles in bringing about this trend by facilitating and encouraging Chinese companies to make overseas investments. This working paper summarises these policies based on an analysis of policy changes over time and identifies the main drivers of these changes.

Since 2000, US$ 2.0-2.7 billion has been invested in feedstock cultivation for biofuel in 16 forest-rich countries, mostly in oil palm and sugarcane. An additional US$ 5.7-6.7 billion has been invested in biofuel production, especially sugar-based ethanol. While investments in some countries are driven by domestic policies to reduce fossil fuel imports, most are export driven. Sugar-based ethanol offers more opportunities to capture value added than biodiesel feedstocks which are amenable to export and processing abroad.

Policymakers should recognise the size and value of the woodfuel sector and its importance to many people. Harvesters and producers need better access to trees and land to promote better management and reduce conflicts. The tax system for woodfuel should be revised to be transparent and pragmatic. Woodfuel from plantation forests and agroforestry should be favoured over woodfuel from valuable or threatened tree species. More attention should be paid to energy-efficient charcoal kilns and cooking stoves, as well as activities to promote their use.

A major challenge in trading ecosystem services is the need to quantify and commoditise services, for monitoring and verification as well as for trade. This is relatively straightforward for goods such as forest honey or shade-grown coffee, but potentially complex for services such as water purification, reducing risk from floods or other disasters or carbon sequestration.

Since 2000 and the implementation of China’s ‘going abroad’ policy, mainland Chinese state-owned and private companies have significantly increased their interests in the resources and investment opportunities of the Congo Basin, bringing new opportunities as well as potential social and environmental costs. This report is a synthesis of some main findings of preliminary scoping studies conducted by CIFOR and partners in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon.

This manual gathers information on the ecology and silviculture of Acacia mangium Willd. with a focus on Indonesia. It also includes growth and yield data from published sources and collected from sites under community–company partnerships in South Kalimantan and Riau provinces. This manual is one of five manuals that guide smallholder tree planting of five selected tree species in Indonesia. The other four species are: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.; Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.; Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen; and Swietenia macrophylla King.

This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the wood flows from smallholder plantations to industrial buyers in the Binh Dinh and Phu Tho provinces of Vietnam. It describes the actors involved in the market chains, their respective roles, the value added to the wood in the market chain and the distribution of costs and benefits. Various differences between the two provinces exist. In Binh Dinh, wood flows are relatively direct and the market price information is transparent. There are various end-buyers but most are buying bark-clean logs.