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This report addresses the challenges of land management in the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa. In 1999 the World Agroforestry Centre launched a major effort to identify, diagnose and reverse degradation in the Lake Victoria basin, focusing primarily on the Kenyan part of the basin. Dubbed “TransVic,” this project was supported by a number of donor agencies and collaborators, with particularly strong support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Field activities in the Kenyan part of the basin were undertaken with Kenya’s National Agriculture and Livestock Extension Programme. This report summarizes the major achievements of TransVic from 1999 to the end of 2004. The project greatly improved understanding of land degradation processes, costs and hotspots, the linkages between poverty, degradation and water resource management, and the possibilities for and constraints to solving those problems through various technical and institutional approaches. The research and development agenda for the region is now able to concentrate on the investments in land and water resources that can curtail degradation and help restore these degraded resources.