During the late 18th-early 19th centuries, the principality of Gorkha united many of the other principalities and states of the sub-Himalayan region into a Nepalese Kingdom. Nepal retained its independence following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16 and the subsequent peace treaty laid the foundations for two centuries of amicable relations between Britain and Nepal. (The Brigade of Gurkas continues to serve in the British Army to the present day.) In 1951, the Nepali monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system that brought political parties into the government. That arrangement lasted until 1960, when political parties were again banned, but was reinstated in 1990 with the establishment of a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy.
An insurgency led by Maoists broke out in 1996. The ensuing 10-year civil war between Maoist and government forces witnessed the dissolution of the cabinet and parliament and the re-assumption of absolute power by the king in 2002. A peace accord in 2006 led to the promulgation of an interim constitution in 2007. Following a nationwide Constituent Assembly (CA) election in 2008, the newly formed CA declared Nepal a federal democratic republic, abolished the monarchy, and elected the country's first president. After the CA failed to draft a constitution by a May 2012 deadline set by the Supreme Court, then-Prime Minister Baburam BHATTARAI dissolved the CA. Months of negotiations ensued until March 2013 when the major political parties agreed to create an interim government headed by then-Chief Justice Khil Raj REGMI with a mandate to hold elections for a new CA. Elections were held in November 2013, in which the Nepali Congress won the largest share of seats in the CA and in February 2014 formed a coalition government with the second place Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist and with Nepali Congress President Sushil KOIRALA as prime minister. Nepal's new constitution came into effect in September 2015.
Nepal is a federal parliamentary republic.
Source: CIA World Factbook
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Displaying 16 - 18 of 18Lands Act, 2021 (1964).
The Act consists of 11 Chapters divided into 64 articles: Preliminary (I); Abolition of Jimidari (II); Ceilings of Land (III); Acquisition of Land in Excess of Upper Ceiling (IV); Compensation (V); Sale and Disposal of Land (VI); Provisions Relating to Tenant (VII); Provisions on Rent (VIII); Provisions on Compulsory Saving and Debt (IX); Provisions Relating to Land-Use, Control of Land Fragmentation and Plotting (Chaklabandi) (IXA); Authorities and Procedures (X); Miscellaneous (XI).This Act abolishes the Jimidari system for the collection of land taxes.
Land Acquisition Act, 1977.
The present Act aims at amending and consolidating current legislation relevant to the acquisition of land. The Government may acquire any land at any place for any public purpose, if it so deems necessary, according to the procedures set out by this Act.
Soil and Watershed Conservation Act 1982.
The Government may declare any area as a protected watershed area and the Watershed Conservation Officer may take within the area the measures established by the present Act for the purpose of soil and watershed conservation (e.g. construction and maintenance of waterworks, afforestation, planting of grasses or other vegetation, protection of forests, cultivation of crops and fruits, maintenance of the fertility of the soil, etc.).