Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 376 - 380 of 1046Regional Law No. 215-OZ “On plenary powers of regional state bodies in the sphere of regulation of land relations”.
The scope of this Regional Law shall be to delimit plenary powers in the sphere of regulation of land relations between regional legislative and executive bodies.
Ministerial Decree No. 1061 validating the Regulation on supervision over land use planning.
This Ministerial Decree establishes the modalities of organization and carrying out supervision over land use planning with a view of ensuring compliance of organizations and citizens with legislative provisions regulating land use planning, and also with technical requirements set for land use planning. Federal Registration Agency of Immovable Property and its territorial bodies shall carry out the aforesaid supervision in the form of scheduled and unscheduled inspections.
Regional Law No. 45-ZRT amending Regional Law No. 1736 “Land Code”.
Article 25 shall be amended to add the following wording: “For the purpose of assessment of the state of subsoil with a view of protection of human health and environment the Government of the Russian Federation establishes maximum residue limits, hazardous microorganisms and other biological pollutants in soil”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 1736 “Land Code”. (2009-07-31)
Presidential Decree No. 1847 regarding Federal State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography Service.
The President decrees to rename Federal Registration Service in Federal State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography Service and to abolish Federal Geodetic and Cartographic Agency and Federal Cadastre Agency of Immovable Property. Federal State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography Service shall carry out the function of the unified system of state cadastre registration of immovable property and transaction therewith, and also serve as infrastructure for spatial data of the Russian Federation.
Regional Law No. 708-5-ZKO “On terms and condition of location of objects on plots of land pertaining to public or municipal ownership without neither allotment of plots of land nor application of servitude”.
This Regional Law sets forth terms and conditions of location of objects on plots of land pertaining to public or municipal ownership without neither allotment of plots of land nor application of servitude. The aforesaid location shall be subject to prior issuance of authorization by regional executive body or by local government with the maximum period of validity three years.