Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 396 - 400 of 1046Regional Law No. 11 “On allotment of plot of land to some categories of citizens free of charge”.
This Regional Law lists categories of citizens eligible for allotment of plots of public or municipal land free of charge to citizens for individual residential housing construction. It establishes terms and conditions for allotment of plots of land.
Regional Law No. 56-Z amending Regional Law No. 32-Z “On turnover of agricultural land”.
Article 1 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Minimum land area of agricultural land plots consolidated by local government for subsequent distribution shall not be less than rates of similar land plots established by the Regional Government”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 32-Z “On turnover of agricultural land”. (2014-06-24)
Regional Law No. 57-OZ “On the objects of cultural heritage”.
This Regional Law regulates the issues of conservation, management and promotion of the objects of cultural heritage. All the objects of cultural heritage located on the regional territory shall be subject to compulsory state registration. Objects of cultural heritage shall be subject to state protection thorough establishment and mapping of the boundaries and protection zones thereof. Cultural and historical reserves can be instituted by the Regional Government in accordance with historical and cultural expert opinion and opinion of local government.
Regional Law No. 69-OZ “On some issues of turnover of agricultural land”.
This Regional Law regulates some issues of turnover of agricultural land and shares thereof in common property, and also the issues of classification of agricultural land as high-yielding agricultural land. It establishes minimum consolidated land plots of agricultural land as of 1,9 ha, and for drained agricultural land – 1 ha. It envisages expropriation of agricultural land plot in case of non-purposeful use thereof by the owner for the period of three years.
Regional Law No. 2362-ZTO “On allotment of public and municipal land plots free of charge in ownership to some categories of citizens”.
This Regional Law establishes the modalities of registration of some categories of citizens eligible for allotment of public and municipal land plots free of charge in ownership, cancellation of such registration, modalities of allotment and reasons for refusal of allotment. Citizens registered of eligible for allotment of of public and municipal land plots free of charge in ownership shall be transferred such plot of land within the boundaries of his municipal unit of permanent residence in order of precedence.