General

Several studies have shown that Niger is one of the countries where poverty has a female face and one of the explanatory factors isthe difficulty of women to access land in a secure way. However, 50.6% of Niger's population is made up of women and girlsand is still the majority in rural areas. . In this environment, which contains more than 80% of the population, women are a real workforce for agriculture and livestock farming. They account for more than 80% of agricultural activities, from sowing to processing and marketing. They derive their income mainly from these agricultural activities and small businesses. As a result, they occupy an importantplace in all links in household food and nutrition security. Despite this numerical weight and their full involvement in agricultural activities, this layer uses only 6% of exploitable land and rarely owns it. The land issue is an important issue for rural women because land conditions their production activities. In the department of Tanout, women are major producers of market garden products and okra. They exploit marginal lands (flooded or glacis) in the form of loans, pledges or leases. The land expropriations that occurred since 2008 in the communes of Bakin Birgi and Ouallalewa have considerably increased the difficulties of women's access to agricultural land already diminished by the continuous degradation linked to the effects of climate change. On the other hand, women are generally marginalized in sharing family land inheritance. They are used as labor that helps their family and / or their family in field work that they do not control harvests. Many projects and programs in these areas have often faced situations where the women they support in agricultural activities find it difficult to find or keep sites for a long time. Indeed, women's access to these sites is usually done by loan, pledge or even donation. Most of these acquisitions are not secure; therefore subject to enormous difficulties in time. The present project aims to carry out a broad advocacy so that the situation of women's access to land is improvedand secured in the communes of Bakin Birgi and Ouallaléwa. The innovation of this project lies in the proposal of a combination of actions led by women leaders focused on improving access to land and land tenure for the benefit of women in rural areas.

General

This project falls under the thematic area Right to Food and follows on the project A-04839 from 2016-2018. Through our work on Right to Food Oxfam Novib and SOMO aim to achieve that more small-scale food producers and agricultural workers, particularly women andtheir communities, benefit from local to global public and private sector policies that protect and promote their prosperity and resilience. The project for 2019-2020 has no significant changes in its theory of change or its objectives compared to the previous phase 2016-18. The context is still similar as Indonesia is currently progressing towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with indications of a decline in the poverty rate of economic inequality and an increase in staple food production. Despitethe surplus production, almost all provinces in Eastern Indonesia experience situations of food vulnerability and food insecurity. The ambition to achieve full food security will be largely determined by the 32 million small-scale food producers, in this case farmers and fishermen. The project therefore continues with partners to emphasize the need to increase access to resources for small-scale food producers and to tackle land conflicts. The long term objective remains the same to realize the right to food for small-scale farmers and fishermen through increasing their access and control over productive resources, specifically access and control over land. This is to include in 2019-2020 specifically improvements in the working conditions of workers (especially women) in the seafood processing industry. This is linked to Oxfam and partners’ commitment to food justice by encouraging the fulfillment of the rights of vulnerable citizens in the supply chain, including the seafood sector processing workers. Civil society groups have so far been very active in proposing priorities of agrarian reform which are then used by the Government in the implementation of land redistribution programs for small-scale farmers. Granting the status of land rights to small-scale farmers, including women, is very important for tenure security. Recognition of land rights and access to Government programs for women is very important in attain to increase equality in national regulations. The principles of sustainable business that emphasize the importance of continuity in people, planet and profit and business principles and human rights will be used as a pillar for regulations related to private sector influencing in this project, including the supply chain of the seafood sector. In this project Oxfam will continue to work with the following Indonesian partners: Coalition for Agrarian Reform (KPA), People’s Coalition for Fishery Justice (KIARA), People Coalition for Food Sovereignty (KRKP), Women’s Solidarity for Human Rights (SP), Indonesia Fisher Union (SNI), Pikul Association.

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This project will conduct research into loss and damage on community land as a result of climatic disasters, which is an under researched area in Timor-Leste. Through conducting focus groups in three Municipalities with local land experts, interviews with climatechange impacted community members and local Government, the research will serve as a catalyst for future projects to lobby the Timor-Leste Government to develop mechanisms to support community members impacted by climatic disasters on community land, as well as support influencing at COP27. This project contributes to the Oxfam International outcome of: “Civil society in at least one country are mobilized to advocate for secure land rights of local communities using improved knowledge of the interrelations between land inequality, climate change and food security”. Timor-Leste is particularly vulnerable to climate-related hazards including floods, drought, cyclones, and earthquakes, with forecasts suggesting these are likely to increase in severity and frequency due to climate change. Flooding between the 29th of March and the 4th of April in 2021 resulted in an estimated US$307.7 million in loss and damage, affecting over 31,000 households, as well as damage to community land that was being depended on by local communities for farming andlivelihoods (Source: Household and Building Damage Assessment of Floods in Timor-Leste”, UNDP, Timor-Leste, 30 November 2021). Thisevent followed flooding in 2020 that impacted 9,131 individuals and drought in 2016 that impacted 120,000 individuals (source: Timor-Leste Country Profile, Climate Change Knowledge Portal, World Bank Group). Many communities depend on community land for agriculture to sustain their livelihoods, but there is currently no Government mechanism in Timor-Leste that provides support in response to loss and damage for impacted communities as a result of climatic disasters, and whilst land use surveys have been conducted in the past, the extent of the damage from the floods in 2021 has still not been fully assessed. This project will conduct research in threeMunicipalities in Timor-Leste including Dili (community land), Covalima (community land) and Lautem (national park land) which havebeen chosen as representing the West, Central and Eastern regions. A consultant will be recruited to identify community members with knowledge on community land use and loss and damage in each Municipality, to participate in focus group discussions to identify community land use changes between January 2018 and December 2021. In order to raise awareness of loss and damage as a result of climate change on community land and its implications on community members, interviews will also be conducted with affected community members to develop case studies. The consultant will also conduct interviews with local government stakeholders in each Municipality (Minister of Justice, Land and Property, Civil Protection, Ministry of Agriculture) to assess existing laws related to the community land (including land titles) early warning systems employed as well as existing policies related to loss and damage.

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This OPA is part of the Sida2GROW project and will contribute to campaign and advocacy objectives of Oxfam, that include food systems, land rights and climate justice. The OPA will contribute to achieving Oxfam Global Strategic Framework goals (a) Just Economies and (b) Climate Justice. Activities mentioned in this OPA are consistent and will deliver against the Sida2GROW 2022 Operational Plan, and the agreed 2022 Global Activity Budget. Activities contributes to Pathway 1 andPathway 3. More specifically: •Pathway 1: Smallholder farmers and workers continue to face systemic discrimination and abuse in food value chains, despite their enormous paid and unpaid contributions. In 2022 the BtBP Campaign will focus on key areas of work that will help us wrap up the global public campaigning focus, help us hold our campaign targets accountable to their commitments made in the course of the campaign and lay the ground work and build to the next important campaign for equality in the globalfood system.•Pathway 3: Our climate work will continue to advocate for bold climate action that responds to the needs and realitiesof communities that are most vulnerable to climate change, with advocacy work strengthened by a renewed focus in 2022 on public engagement and public mobilisation. The overall goal for the BTBP campaign this year, which is to:1.Bring the public campaigning phase of Behind the Barcodes/Price to a close, by showcasing the overall work of the campaign and sharing with the publics we have mobilised over the years what change their contributions have made. This will be through case studies and summarising the wins of the campaign, to show that public campaigning works and has a really big impact. This moment will also be used to reveal to supermarkets where they have moved on Oxfam's scorecard and show them the gaps that still exist and where they need to keep making changes. It will be the start of the public monitoring of their commitments they have made through the campaign. Therefore, this is the time we shift into the implementation phase of the campaign.2.Forward planning, through research, reflection and planning what is next in food system campaigning work. Given the contexts we are facing with pandemics, unrest and the climate crisis continuing, we will work with allies to establish the next meaningful intervention we canmake together, to address the inequality in the food system.

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We are witnessing an increased number of cases of Environmental Defenders rights# violations in Cameroon and DRC. The existing cases are very often located in rural areas, with very little publicity in the cities. The public opinion, key decision-makers are oftennot informed of those cases of rights# violations. The media, judges, public administrations, members of the Parliament and human rights commission are unaware of the magnitude of these violations and there is no collective action to address theprotection of environmental defenders. In addition to the work being done by the platforms focusing on Commitment-Based Initiatives (CBI) 10, NES-DRC and NES Cameroon plan to inform national authorities of the extent of this problem, and to attract publicattention. Mobilizing decision-makers on this issue is the first step towards political commitment. The project aims at raising awareness of civil society organizations, decision-makers, the media, parliamentarians, the Human Rights Commission and relevant civil servants on the nature and extend of the violations of environmental rights defenders, and to give a public space to environmental defenders to make their casein the public. In the context of the Land Rights Now Global Mobilisation against Criminalisation of Land Rights Defenders the project will: # Document per country at least one case of criminalization of land rights defenders based on the key criteria for the global public campaign (DRC and Cameroon) # Put in place a mechanism to identify, discuss and address cases of violations of land and environmental rights (through legal means, paralegal solutions and mediation) with the media, the judiciary, members of the Parliament, members of the Human Rights Commission, and relevant civil servants (Cameroon) # Initiate discussions with government authorities(DRC) # Organize a series of public events for the mobilization day of the Land Rights Now campaign (DRC and Cameroon)