Land Tenure Working Paper 22. This study is intended to contribute to the effective implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines by exploring ways of monitoring the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests and providing a civil society perspective on monitoring in the context of the Guidelines. It also identifies various gaps in monitoring activities by institutions in the context of tenure of land, fisheries and forests.

This Information Brief provides concise and practical information on a crucial governance issue in view of implementing the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure (VGGT). It offers a right to food perspective on the gender equitable governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests.In light of the endorsement of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT), this Information Brief aims to provide concise and practical elements for a responsible governance of tenure.

The Vision of the present cross-sectoral Forestry Strategy 2020 (FS2020) establishes that by 2020, the Government of the Lao PDR envisages a sizeable, vigorous and robust forestry sector continuing in its role as one of the leading sectors advancing national socio-economic development. A sector in which scientifically-managed natural production forests generate timber and non-timber products at sustainable levels with village participation, under supervision and technical support from well-staffed, well-trained local and national government units.

These provisions lay down amendments and addenda to the Nitrates Action Programme Regulations. New definitions are inserted in regulation 2 (livestock unit, deep litter system). The addenda concern exemptions for units of bovines, swine, ovines, caprines and rabbits, as well as production units of layer hens and broilers managed by a single farmer having an animal population equivalent or lower than the animal populations listed in Schedule IV (but in any case less than three livestock units).

The overall Goal of the present cross-sectoral Policy is sustainable development, management, utilization and conservation of forest resources and equitable sharing of accrued benefits for the present and future generations of the people of Kenya.

The overall aim of the present Forest and Wildlife Policy is the conservation and sustainable development of forest and wildlife resources for the maintenance of environmental stability and continuous flow of optimum benefits from the socio-cultural and economic goods and services that the forest environment provides to the present and future generations whilst fulfilling Ghana’s commitments under international agreements and conventions.

The overall aim of the present Forestry Development Master Plan is to provide a basis for achieving sustainable utilization and development of forest and wildlife resources, modernization of the timber industry and conservation of the environment, and thereby ensure realization of the objectives of the Forest and Wildlife Policy. At the same time, the various proposals have had to take account of the need to improve the state of the environment, the complexities of land tenure and the importance of appropriate and efficient land use.

The overall Vision of the present cross-sectoral Forest Policy is formulated as follows: “A sufficiently forested, ecologically stable and economically prosperous Uganda”. Part 2 concerns Guiding Principles for the Forest Sector building on the government's national development priorities of poverty eradication and good governance.

The Goal of the present cross-sectoral National Forest Plan (NFP) is formulated as follows: “An integrated forest sector that achieves sustainable increases in economic, social and environmental benefits from forests and trees by all the people of Uganda, especially the poor and vulnerable”.The objectives of the NFP are: 1) To raise the incomes and quality of life of poor people through forestry developments, targeting sustainable livelihoods amongst small-scale, mainly rural stakeholders, with strategies based on-farm, in natural forests or off-farm; 2) To increase economic productivity an

This Decree states that the minister in charge of agricultural affairs shall excersise the powers of controlling and techical supervision of county governmental offices in respect of food-chain control, forestry, hunting, fishery, animal protection, wine production, plant production, soil protection, animal breeding, agricultural damage valuation and agricultural administration. The National Food-chain Safety Office shall contribute to the excersice of the minister's technical governing powers.

This Act, among other things, recognizes the Minerals Management Board as established by section 214 of the Constitution and provides rules relative to exploration and exploitation of minerals in Swaziland. The Act defines functions and powers of the Board, establishes an office of the Commissioner of Mines and defines functions of the Commissioner of Mines. A distinction is made between small-scale and large-scale operations for the purposes of this Act.

The present Rural Development Policy and Strategies underscores one basic objective with regard to economic development, i.e. to build a market economy in which: i) a broad spectrum of the Ethiopian people are beneficiaries; ii) dependence on food aid is eliminated; and, iii) rapid economic growth is assured. Given the dominance of agriculture in the Ethiopian economy, i.e. agriculture contributes to about 80% of employment, the rural development effort is presently associated with agricultural development.Part Two focuses on “Rural and Agricultural Development Policies and Stragtegies".