Land information system (LIS) is a convenient tool in the legal, administrative and economic decision-making process. The data of LIS includes: cartographic basis of spatial land datasets, thematic spatial land datasets and a variety of important information from the cadastre, registers and information systems. Lithuanian Land Information System is a developed and expanding field of information technology, which could be more used by the public users of Lithuania and other countries.

There are still many drawbacks in legal regulation of construction, cadastral registration of linear facilities, as well as land management in the above-mentioned aspects in the Russian Federation, therefore this study is a theoretical overview and analysis of the existing legal framework. The definition of linear facilities had been incorporated in the City Planning Code of the Russian Federation only in 2016, thus a legal regulation of the issue at stake is of great significance at the moment.

We summarize existing theoretical claims linking poverty to rates of deforestation and then examine this linkage empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. Our data facilitate an empirical analysis of the implications for deforestation of where the poor live. Without controlling for this, impacts of poverty per se are confounded by richer areas being different from the areas inhabited by the poor, who we expect to find on more marginal lands, for instance less profitable lands.

We review claims about the potential for carbon markets that link both payments for carbon services and poverty levels to ongoing rates of tropical deforestation. We then examine these effects empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. We find significant effects of the relative returns to forest on deforestation rates. Thus, carbon payments would induce conservation and also carbon sequestration, and if land users were poor could conserve forest while addressing rural poverty.

A field study on dairy cattle farms development in low land was conducted in Cirebon district applying a survey method to record all existing dairy cattle farms in the region. Data were collected by interviewing dairy farmers and monitoring the dairy cattle farms. Descriptive approach was applied in data analysis. Constraints would accur, if problems of relatively warm environment in such low land area could not be overcome. Improvements that could be recommended include : an appropriate tropical housing, energy rich feeding and more frequent feeding.

This Guidance Note provides advice about what is expected in good practice social impact assessment (SIA) and social impact management processes, especially in relation to project development. It is intended for private sector actors, government agencies, development banks and agencies, civil society organisations, and service providers. It provides guidance to help reduce companies' risk exposure and assist them in being compliant with international standards and/or good practice as they evolve over time by addressing significant human rights issues associated with a project.

This primer provides guidance for including and protecting vulnerable groups in the context of a land-based investment. It outlines the importance of identifying and engaging with vulnerable groups, who often have weak claims to land rights and are particularly susceptible to negative impacts from changes in land use. It provides

• an overview of who may qualify for inclusion in a vulnerable group and descriptions of specific vulnerable groups, and

• step-by-step guidance for governments, business, and communities..

This Guidance sets out the steps companies involved in minerals supply chains should take to identify and address actual or potential risks in order to prevent or mitigate adverse impacts associated with their activities. It provides guidance on how they can apply due diligence for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas as an on-going, proactive and reactive process through which they respect human rights and do not contribute to conflict.

This guide provides companies with an overview of the importance of traceability for sustainability purposes, outlines the global opportunities and challenges it represents and summarises practical steps for implementing traceability programmes within company operations. It

• defines traceability and explores its history, benefits and challenges, including an overview of current collaborative schemes on traceability,

The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations.

Indonesia comprises more mangroves than any other country, but also exhibits some of the highest mangrove loss rates worldwide. Most of these mangrove losses are caused by aquaculture development. Monetary valuation of the numerous ecosystem services of mangroves may contribute to their conservation.

Tetra Tech’s land tenure and property rights experts examine how weak land and resource governance can fuel drivers of violent extremism. With a focus on the African Sahel, this new issue brief finds this dynamic is especially prevalent when land and resource governance challenges are coupled with environmental disruptions, resource scarcity, or migration.