Kenya’s land governance system is fashioned to facilitate land expropriation for the few and powerful who continue to resist reforms.

This is despite the fact that the dynamics of land reform are driven by apprehensions of mischief associated with the history that explains why the National Land Commission was established with mandate, independent of the Executive.

CAPITALISM

From the British conquest, Kenya’s land governance system was never meant to be inclusionary and equitable.

The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of national Food Security (VGGt) represent a new international legal instrument, which was adopted unanimously in 2012 by the United nations Committee on World Food Security (CFS). the Guidelines are a soft law instrument that does not create new, legally binding obligations for states or responsibilities for private actors, but that applies existing governance standards, particularly for human rights, to the management of land.

Inequality in the agrarian structure in Indonesia remains a serious problem. Agrarian reform efforts have been the spirit of Indonesia since the enactment of the Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles Act (UUPA). However, agrarian reform policies are still far from perfect. Since the reformation, the issue of agrarian reform, also known as land reform, regained its discourse space.

This paper examines the roles of the state, international organisations and the public in pastoral land reform in the Central Asian republics and Mongolia. In recent years new legislation has been passed in most of these countries, often driven by environmental concerns. In the development of these laws, international organisations tend to promote common property regimes, whilst governments usually emphasise individual security of tenure, each using environmental arguments taken from quite different bodies of theory.

Land reform has generated a range of disputes including overlapping boundaries, double occupations, competing authorities etc. Lists areas in which potential disputes arise.

The challenges are: the methodology for valuation, the state’s capacity for valuation, the process for dispute resolution, and the funding of the process. The backlog created by lack of action in the past 17 years must be dealt with urgently.

Twenty years after the end of apartheid farm dwellers remain some of the most vulnerable people in South Africa, with many still facing extreme tenure insecurity and lacking access to adequate housing and basic services.2 The approximately three million black South Africans (6% of the population) who live on privately owned farms in formerly white commercial farming areas are among the poorest South Africans,3 whose vulnerability is exacerbated by their “socio-economic marginality and geographical isolation”.4

This is a documentary collating the experiences and stories of rural communities supported by the Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA).

AFRA, in partnership with OZA and TA, assists women, youth and men residing or working on rural commercial farmland in the UMgungundlovu District to mobilise around key issues impacting on their quality of life and access to sustainable livelihoods, engaging with and influencing policies and processes that impact on their land and development rights.

В статье анализируются реформы в аграрной экономике России начала ХХ века. Выделяются западный и традиционалистский подходы в экономических реформах. Рассматривается роль А.С. Посникова в развитии аграрной экономики России. Сравнивается осуществление аграрных реформ в России и в странах Западной Европы в начале ХХ века. Автор анализирует последствия отсутствия демократизма в аграрных преобразованиях в России начала ХХ века. Показано значение развития институтов (ипотечных банков, кооперативов) в развитии сельского хозяйства России.

Peru has formalized property rights for 1,200 indigenous communities in the Amazon. These titled indigenous lands cover over 11 million hectares and represent approximately 17% of the national forest area. Progress has been possible due to multiple reforms that recognized indigenous rights to collective lands, a process characterized by complex and protracted conflicts among competing interests, shifting government priorities and continued resistance by indigenous people to contest efforts that undercut their interests.

Este estudio indaga sobre la inserción y experiencia laboral de los jóvenes rurales en el Chile de la segunda década del siglo XXI; esos jóvenes, hombres y mujeres que actualmente tienen entre 15 y 29 años, han nacido y se están desarrollando en un entorno económico, social, cultural e incluso demográfico radicalmente distinto del de sus abuelos, quienes vivieron su infancia y/o adolescencia durante el período de la reforma agraria -probablemente la transformación más profunda en la historia de la sociedad chilena-, por lo cual la hemos identificado como la generación de los “nietos de la r