Agriculture remains fundamental for
Nicaragua from both a macroeconomic and social view. It is
the largest sector of the Nicaraguan economy, and it remains
the single biggest employer with around 30 percent of the
labor force and including processed foods, like meat and
sugar, agriculture accounts for around 40 percent of total
exports value. Nicaragua appears to be gradually losing
competitive edge of some of its key agricultural exports

This economy profile presents the Doing
Business indicators for Iraq. In a series of annual reports,
Doing Business assesses regulations affecting domestic firms
in 189 economies and ranks the economies in 10 areas of
business regulation, such as starting a business, resolving
insolvency and trading across borders. This year's
report data cover regulations measured from June 2012
through May 2013. The report is the 11th edition of the

This report 'Turning the right
corner - ensuring development through a low carbon transport
sector' emphasizes that developing countries need to
transition to a low carbon transport sector now to avoid
locking themselves into an unsustainable and costly future.
Furthermore, it argues that this transition can be
affordable if countries combine policies to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions with broader sector reforms aimed

Justice interventions in Solomon Islands
over the last decade have focused largely on assisting
Honiarabased state institutions in the form of a variety of
capacity-building programs. This has included a heavy
reliance on expatriate expertise positioned in central
justice agencies. The National Judiciary has benefited
significantly from this support, although to date the direct
effects of increased assistance have not been felt in most

Despite robust annual growth of 5.7
percent in the recent past, poverty in Zambia remains
stubbornly high. The poverty headcount rate is 60 percent
(as of 2010), and 39 percent of the population live in
extreme poverty, with insufficient consumption to meet their
daily minimum food requirements. Chronic malnutrition
remains very high, with 47 percent of children under the age
of 5 being stunted in 2010, close to the high levels of the

This paper sheds light on how to harvest
the "youth dividend" in Sub-Saharan Africa by
creating jobs in agriculture. The agriculture that attracts
the youth will have to be profitable, competitive, and
dynamic. These are the same characteristics needed for
agriculture to deliver growth, to improve food security, and
to preserve a fragile natural environment. With higher
priority accorded to implementation of well-designed public

Community-based paralegalism has been
active in the Philippines for the past 30 years, and yet its
contribution to access to justice and the advancement of the
rights and entitlements of the poor has been largely
undocumented. This paper attempts to provide a framework
study on the history, nature, and scope of paralegal work in
the Philippines, based on the experience of 12 organizations
that are active in the training and development of

Development and humanitarian actors
currently engaged in Somalia face the challenge of
delivering assistance in such a way that it is supportive of
peace and state building, addresses the acute vulnerability,
and dependence of large shares of the population while
operating in a still insecure and changing environment.
Forced displacement is a key feature of the current
political economy context of Somalia. The necessity of

The Government of Indonesia (GOI) is in
the process of designing a national REDD+ mechanism to allow
it to access donor funding in the medium term, and funding
from a potential performance based mechanism in the long
term. This policy brief is focused on the broad question of
how REDD+ can address underlying community issues such as
lack of access to forest land, and does not deal with the
more specific questions of legal and institutional

In 2011, women and girls represented
50.6 percent of the total Montenegrin population (620,029
persons). Different aspects of gender inequality vary by
region and ethnicity. The present World Bank country
partnership strategy in Montenegro is based on two pillars
that include supporting Montenegro s accession to the
European Union (EU) through boosting institutions and
competitiveness. The purpose of this report is to provide an

In this issue: have capital markets
aided growth in China and India? Land and poverty: the
importance of transparency; coping with $100 oil; how fit
are feed-in tariff policies? Political incentives to
underinvest in pro-poor policies; mass media and public
policy for agriculture; and managing public debt in small states.

Kazakhstan aspires to become one of the
world s 30 most developed economies by 2050. The focus is on
laying the basis for the accelerated diversification of the
economy through industrialization and infrastructure
development, including enhancing human capital to drive
innovation and economic efficiency. This country economic
memorandum report adopts an analytical framework that looks
into options that will be explored to help authorities think