North African cities have been undergoing major transformation over the past two decades following protracted instability civic uprising and conflicts changing their perception from havens to territories of displacements with social psychological and physical problems Historic public spaces in those cities in particular form a critical part of urban environments as they have the identity livelihoods and crosscommunity engagement in a healthy and fulfilling urban fabric and culture Whilst there have been several studies on the characteristics of open spaces in urban environments there is ver

Image of the ancient cities across the Arab region has been changed The urbanization progress and their subsequent urban changes are of rapid acceleration due to the population increase in the named cities affecting the encompassed old districts in many respects The mentioned changes are forked into two main branches controlled and uncontrolled On one side the controlled category abide by the urban regulations in terms of the visual representation of the old districts On the other side the uncontrolled counterpart breaches these regulations and their logical assumptions ending up in many ur

Street vending is a dynamic phenomenon of network of events socioeconomic and cultural factors while remaining a narration of place At the metropolitan level the narrative is negatively skewed towards street vending and its aesthetic reality contemporaneously exploring hostile environmental interventions within the informal sector This paper attempted to explore a counternarrative asking based on aesthetic experience can the desired urban image to be achieved by allowing street vendors proliferate in public spaces This question was asked within the scope of the politicaleconomy of diversifi

Housing is one of the basic needs of humans Families in different countries with various cultures who have different lifestyles respond to their individual needs including physical and mental in a safe place that is called house The world population is increasing day by day In parallel to this population growth housing demand increases rapidly Iran is also a country which has a rapid population growth and has developed a series of policies to solve the housing problems Affordable housing is one of solution for providing the house by governments These type of houses is the ways to answer the

ABSTRACTElectronic land titling in the field of land administration being a new concept of right registration on land and properties developed on it, is seen to be the future of a centric land administration in Rwanda. Rwanda is promoting a cashless economy and a full paperless land administration aiming at promoting the principle of “zero trip zero paper”.

The Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa endorsed through the adoption of the African Union Declaration on Land Issues and Challenges by the African Heads of States in 2009 is having “a strong gender component which aims at “strengthening security of land tenure for women which require special attention” and “ensuring that land laws provide for equitable access to land and related resources”.

ABSTRACTContext and backgroundAccess to and ownership of land are important for reducing discrimination.

Millions of poor people who live in rural areas and rely on agriculture for a living need secure access to productive land. Gender disparities in access to productive resources, such as agricultural land, remain a major concern, especially in Nigeria. This study therefore, investigated the impact of land access and ownership on farm production across gender in Southwest Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 480 respondents comprising of 240 male headed households and 240 female headed households across the three states in Southwest Nigeria.

Context and Background:The Government of the Republic of Zambia has strengthened the policy and legal frameworks to support gender equality and women's empowerment.

context and backgroundDespite the robustness of various land instruments and legal and institutional regulations on various sectors, Tanzania’s land distribution-related policy implementation and practice is facing numerous challenges. Tanzania is not only experiencing poor land conditions, but also poor land management and ineffective policy implementation. Areas of concern includes public policy actions on land conflicts; settlements and housing problems; and conflicting demand for land for mining, large scale agriculture, conservation, tourism, ranching and pastoral nomadism.

ABSTRACT African culture and tradition on matrilineal land ownership are on the verge of disappearing. Land ownership in rural communities remains an important cultural dimension to secure livelihoods, economic growth, and sustainable development. Gender relations continue to interfere culture and tradition of matrilineal communities. Migration has changed the community and influenced the land ownership transformation from women to men.

Insecurity over land ownership in Rwanda was a critical part of the tension between communities. Addressing insecurity around land has consequently been one of the foremost priorities of the post-conflict reforms initiated in Rwanda following the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. Rwanda set out to address the issue of land ownership and land-related challenges through passage of several laws and policies.